black seed oil dopamine

L-DOPA

David Tomen
Author:
David Tomen
12 minute read
L-DOPA (Mucuna Pruriens) is known for improving brain health, is an antioxidant and heavy metal chelator, improves memory & cognitive function, lowers symptoms of depression, and boosts libido.  

Key Takeaways

  1. L-DOPA is a vital amino acid precursor of neurotransmitters dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine synthesized in the brain from l-tyrosine.
  2. Mucuna Pruriens is a natural source of L-DOPA, used as a nootropic to enhance brain function by increasing dopamine levels.
  3. L-DOPA from Mucuna Pruriens can improve memory, cognition, mood, and overall brain health while reducing stress and acting as an antidepressant.
  4. Opt for organic Mucuna Pruriens extract with higher L-DOPA concentrations (15% – 30%) to ensure better tolerance and efficacy, avoiding synthetic versions used for Parkinson’s treatment.
  5. Nootropic use of L-DOPA is generally safe and well-tolerated, but caution is necessary to avoid tolerance and dependence issues.

See my article on all of the supplements that have been shown to help with Parkinson’s here: Best Supplements for Parkinson’s Disease

L-DOPA (levodopa, L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) is an amino acid synthesized in your brain by the amino acid l-tyrosine. L-DOPA is a precursor of several neurotransmitters including dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine.

Mucuna Pruriens contains naturally occurring  L-DOPA in high concentrations. And is used as a nootropic because dopamine itself cannot cross the blood-brain barrier.

Dopamine and norepinephrine are essential for memory, cognition, and a positive mood. A lack of either of these neurotransmitters can lead to a lower mood state, loss of memory, brain fog, poor energy, and more. And if left unchecked will eventually result in neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson’s.

L-DOPA helps:

  • Brain Health. L-DOPA helps to increase growth hormone levels in the brain. Boosting the production of neurons and glia cells affecting the formation of memories, and overall brain health.
  • Neurotransmitters. L-DOPA is a necessary precursor for your brain to make dopamine. And dopamine is then synthesized into the neurotransmitters epinephrine, and norepinephrine. Affecting cognition, learning, memory, movement, motivation and pleasure.
  • Neuroprotection. L-DOPA produces neuromelanin which is similar to the melanin pigment in your skin. In your brain they absorb toxic quinones, and chelate heavy metals like mercury and lead.

Overview

L-DOPA (levodopa, L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) is an amino acid that’s naturally synthesized in your brain by the amino acid l-tyrosine.

L-DOPA chemical structure
L-DOPA

L-DOPA is a necessary precursor to the synthesis of the neurotransmitter dopamine. Called a catecholamine, dopamine is then synthesized into the other catecholamines epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline).

Unlike Dopamine, L-DOPA can cross the blood-brain barrier. This is why we supplement with L-DOPA rather than dopamine.

Mucuna Pruriens extract contains L-DOPA
Mucuna Pruriens

And for a dopamine boost, neurohackers use Mucuna Pruriens, which contains high levels of L-DOPA.[i] This legume, native to the tropical regions of India, Africa and the West Indies, and also known as velvet bean, has been used in Ayurveda medicine since 1500 B.C.

The ancients used Mucuna Pruriens to treat things like snakebite, intestinal problems, sexual issues, and a melancholy mood.

Raising levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine in your brain helps regulate mood and cognition.[ii]

Mucuna Pruriens vs. L-DOPA: What’s the Difference?

Mucuna Pruriens is an extract of the velvet bean plant that grows 3 – 18 meters in height. L-DOPA (levodopa) is usually synthetic and made in the lab.

The natural version of L-DOPA from Mucuna Pruriens is generally well-tolerated by most people. And the compounds in the plant are bio-identical to those chemicals naturally made in your body. Not so with synthetic L-DOPA.

Synthetic L-DOPA is metabolized into dopamine in your body by an enzyme called aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC). And the majority of synthetic L-DOPA will be converted peripherally (not in the central nervous system and brain). This can cause problems.

So when used therapeutically, as in treating Parkinson’s Disease, L-DOPA is administered in combination with an inhibitor of peripheral AADC. Drugs like carbidopa (or other AADC inhibitors) ensure most of the L-DOPA is preserved for conversion to dopamine in the brain. And not the rest of your body.

This is critical for nootropic users to keep in mind. Chronic, or prolonged use of synthetic L-DOPA can lead to things like dyskinesia. This is a movement disorder where neurological discoordination results in uncontrollable, involuntary movements.[iii]

I am not telling you this to dissuade you from using L-DOPA. Stick with an extract of Mucuna Pruriens and you should be fine.

Mucuna Pruriens (L-DOPA) boosts learning and memory

How does L-DOPA Work in the Brain?

L-DOPA boosts brain health and function in several ways. But two in particular stand out.

  1. L-DOPA improves memory. It’s metabolized into dopamine in your body by an enzyme called aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC). This increases dopamine levels in your brain.

Researchers at the University of Münster in Germany conducted a study with 40 healthy people. In this randomized double-blind study, they gave one group 100 mg of levodopa daily for 5 days. The other group took a placebo.

90 minutes later on each day, subjects were given a memory test based on vocabulary. The study found that levodopa significantly enhanced the speed, overall success, and long-term retention of novel words.[iv]

  1. L-DOPA promotes brain health. Research suggests Mucuna Pruriens protects your brain by regulating cognitive and neural functions. And even encouraging neural activity.

Researchers in India showed that Mucuna Pruriens is a potent antioxidant. They performed assays to evaluate the enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants in extracts. They found high levels of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannic acids, gallic acids, quercetin equivalents, and sitosterol equivalents.[v]

All of these compounds scavenge for free radical in your brain. Free radicals are formed during normal brain activity, like the synthesis of ATP that is produced in your mitochondria.

Your brain is equipped to eliminate some of these free radicals on its own. But especially in today’s environment in which we live, your brain is overwhelmed. Free radicals cause inflammation which damages and can kill brain cells. Affecting memory, learning, recall, cognition and mood.

Mucuna Pruriens has been proven to be a very effective brain inflammation fighter. It even has the ability to chelate heavy metals like mercury and lead in brain cells. And it’s antibacterial.[vi]

Mucuna Pruriens helps your brain make naturally occurring neuronal pigments called neuromelanin’s. They’re similar to the melanin found in your skin.  And they’re often found in regions of your brain where dopamine is active.

The synthesis of neuromelanin’s in the various regions of your brain is an important protective process. The melanic component is generated through the removal of reactive/toxic quinones that would otherwise cause neurotoxicity.

This melanic component promoted by Mucuna Pruriens is what chelates and accumulates toxic, heavy metals like mercury and lead.[vii] Preventing them from damaging brain cells.

Mucuna Pruriens (L-DOPA) boosts brain health

How things go bad

As we get older, our brain chemistry and energy metabolism changes.

↓ Dopaminergic neurons are damaged or die

↓ Dopamine levels decline

↑ Stress levels increase

↓ Long-term memory and mood decline

All of these age-related changes are contributing factors to the neurodegenerative diseases of aging, including Parkinson’s Disease.

L-DOPA benefits for brain health

Mucuna Pruriens natural herbal supplement extract contains high levels of L-DOPA, the precursor to the crucial neurotransmitter dopamine. Dopamine is further synthesized into the neurotransmitters epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline).

Dopamine plays a critical role in learning and absorbing new information. Increasing brain levels of dopamine helps regulate mood and boosts cognition.

Research also suggests that Mucuna Pruriens provides antioxidants that defend against oxidative damage caused by free radicals.[viii]

How does L-DOPA feel?

Neurohackers report that using Mucuna Pruriens helps in multi-tasking, improving motivation, more focus, less stress, and a sense of calm.

You could find your energy levels increase, less brain fog, and a boost in overall mood. A more positive outlook on life. And an increase in libido.

L-DOPA Clinical Research

Mucuna Pruriens (L-DOPA) as an
alternative for Parkinson’s Disease

Researchers at the Parkinson’s Institute located at the University of Milan in Italy recruited 18 patients with advanced Parkinson’s Disease. The patients were given either ground Mucuna Pruriens powder (standardized 5.7% L-DOPA) or prescription form of levodopa containing a dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor. And then measured motor improvements at 60 and 90 minutes after using the supplement or drug.

The researchers found Mucuna Pruriens standardized powder produced reduced Parkinson’s symptoms equivalent to the prescription version of levodopa. But with significantly fewer problems with dyskinesias. The team concluded the “Clinical effects of high-dose Mucuna Pruriens were similar to levodopa alone at the same dose, with a more favorable tolerability profile“.

Mucuna Pruriens reduces stress

A study was conducted to assess the role of Mucuna Pruriens in infertile men. It was done at King George’s Medical University in Lucknow, India. The study included 60 men who were undergoing infertility screening. And no surprise here; were found to be suffering from stress.Mucuna Pruriens (L-DOPA) boosts libido and sperm count

The control group in this study were 60 age-matched men who had initiated at least one pregnancy. The infertile men were given 5 grams of Mucuna Pruriens seed powder per day for 3 months. Semen samples were collected at the beginning of the study. And after 3 months of treatment.

The researchers found that treatment with Mucuna Pruriens significantly decreased stress levels. And increased sperm count to the same level as the fertile control group of men.

They “concluded that M. pruriens not only reactivates the anti-oxidant defense system of infertile men but it also helps in the management of stress and improves semen quality.”[ix]

L-DOPA improves learning

This study in Germany was done with 40 healthy subjects. They were given 100 mg of L-DOPA or a placebo for 5 days in a randomized, double-blind trial.

Subjects were trained on artificial vocabulary using a high-frequency, repetitive approach. This was done 90 minutes after L-DOPA administration on each day of the trial.

The researchers found that L-DOPA significantly enhanced the speed, overall success, and long-term retention of the words.[x]

L-DOPA as an anti-depressant

Increasing dopamine in your brain also boosts your mood and libido. This study was done in India with mice. Researchers used the well-known Forced Swimming Test (FST), Tail Suspension Test (TST), and Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress (CUMS) test.

The mice were fed Mucuna Pruriens seed extract, and then evaluated while performing, well… what mice do in the lab.  The research team found that Mucuna Pruriens seed extract has significant antidepressant qualities. Which would simply verify what we already know in humans.[xi]

Using Mucuna Pruriens extract is a great anti-depressant.

L-DOPA Recommended Dosage

L-DOPA (Mucuna Pruriens extract) suggested dosage for cognitive benefits is 250 – 500 mg twice per day. Most Mucuna Pruriens extracts only contain 15 – 20% L-DOPA. So you may need to adjust your dose up or down depending on how you respond to this supplement.

You may also find that you need to cycle the use of L-DOPA (Mucuna Pruriens). And use it only 4 or 5 days a week. This can help avoid tolerances and dependencies (which are common with any dopamine agonist). DO NOT attempt to cycle this nootropic if you are using it to treat Parkinson’s Disease.

If you are using Mucuna Pruriens extract (L-DOPA) for Parkinson’s Disease you will likely need 500 – 1,000 mg Mucuna Pruriens 3 or more times per day. And look for a Mucuna Pruriens extract (98% L-DOPA).

See my article on all of the supplements that have been shown to help with Parkinson’s here: Best Supplements for Parkinson’s Disease

L-DOPA Side Effects

L-DOPA is produced naturally in your body. So is considered well-tolerated and safe. And L-DOPA from Mucuna Pruriens extract is particularly well tolerated by most people.

Research shows that the natural form of L-DOPA from Mucuna Pruriens compared to synthetic versions of L-DOPA provides similar results. But without the common side effects of nausea, vomiting, and involuntary muscle movement.[xii]

But be very careful when working with dopamine. Too much and you can experience symptoms like hair loss, auditory or visual hallucinations, psychosis, Dyskinesia and more.

Of course, if you begin to experience any of these side effects, stop supplementing with L-DOPA (Mucuna Pruriens) immediately.

Like any natural supplement, it’s always better to use an organic source.

Velvet Bean is Mucuna Pruriens which contains L-DOPA
Velvet Bean/Mucuna Pruriens pods

Type of Mucuna Pruriens (L-DOPA) to buy

Mucuna Pruriens is typically available in powder, capsule or tablet form. Some are pure, dried Mucuna Pruriens powder.

Several manufacturers offer Mucuna Pruriens extracts ranging from 15% – 30% L-DOPA. Or they tell you how many mg of L-DOPA is in each capsule or tablet.

A few manufacturers call it “Velvet Bean Extract” or “Mucuna Extract” with the percentage of L-DOPA in each capsule or tablet. It’s the same as Mucuna Pruriens.

Try to find “organic” or “certified organic” if you can. And for Nootropic use, avoid synthetic L-DOPA which is typically used to treat Parkinson’s Disease.

Nootropics Expert Recommendation

L-DOPA (Mucuna Pruriens) dosage 250 – 500 mg twice per day

Nootropics Expert Tested and ApprovedI recommend using L-DOPA as a nootropic supplement.

Your body does synthesize some L-DOPA on its own. And converts it into the essential neurotransmitters dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine.

But as you get older, dopamine receptors die or become unresponsive. Or your body doesn’t convert the necessary amino acids well enough to supply the neurotransmitters you need for an optimized brain.

L-DOPA is helpful to boost energy and motivation levels, memory, clear brain fog, improve mood and libido.

L-DOPA is especially helpful for those suffering from neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson’s. And the natural form of L-DOPA from Mucuna Pruriens often offers better results with fewer side effects than prescription drugs.

I suggest starting with a dose of 100 – 250 mg twice daily for nootropic use at first. And you may find that you need to cycle L-DOPA. Use it for 4 or 5 days and take a break. Tolerance is often a problem when working with dopamine. As is dependence or addiction.

If you are using Mucuna Pruriens (L-DOPA) for Parkinson’s Disease, please see my article on all of the supplements that have been shown to help with Parkinson’s here: Best Supplements for Parkinson’s Disease

As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. This post may also contain other affiliate links and I will be compensated if you make a purchase after clicking on my links.

[i] Prakash D., Niranjan A., Tewari S.K. “Some nutritional properties of the seeds of three Mucuna species.” International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition. 2001 Jan;52(1):79-82. (source)

[ii] Amsten A., Wang M., Paspalas C. “Neuromodulation of Thought: Flexibilities and Vulnerabilities in Prefrontal Cortical Network Synapses”Neuron Volume 76, Issue 1, p223–239, 4 October 2012 (source)

[iii] Jenner P. “Molecular mechanisms of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia.”Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 2008 Sep;9(9):665-77 (source)

[iv] Knecht S., Breitenstein C., Bushuven S., Wailke S., Kamping S., Flöel A., Zwitserlood P., Ringelstein E.B. “Levodopa: faster and better word learning in normal humans.” Annals of Neurology. 2004 Jul;56(1):20-6. (source)

[v] Uma S., Gurumoorthi P. “Dietary antioxidant activities in different germplasms of Mucuna.” Journal of Medicinal Food. 2013 Jul;16(7):618-24 (source)

[vi] Bala V., Debnath A., Shill A., Bose U. “Anti-Inflammatory, Diuretic and Antibacterial Activities of Aerial Parts of Mucuna pruriens Linn.”International Journal of Pharmacology 2011 | Volume: 7 | Issue: 4 | Page No.: 498-503 (source)

[vii] Zecca L., et. Al. “New melanic pigments in the human brain that accumulate in aging and block environmental toxic metals” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 2008 Nov 11; 105(45) (source)

[viii] Yadav S.K., Prakash J., Chouhan S., Singh S.P. “Mucuna pruriens seed extract reduces oxidative stress in nigrostriatal tissue and improves neurobehavioral activity in paraquat-induced Parkinsonian mouse model.” Neurochemistry International. 2013 Jun;62(8):1039-47 (source)

[ix] Shukla K.K., Mahdi A.A., Ahmad M.K., Jaiswar S.P., Shankwar S.N., Tiwari S.C. “Mucuna pruriens Reduces Stress and Improves the Quality of Semen in Infertile Men.” Evidence Based Complement and Alternative Medicine. 2010 Mar;7(1):137-44 (source)

[x] Knecht S., Breitenstein C., Bushuven S., Wailke S., Kamping S., Flöel A., Zwitserlood P., Ringelstein E.B. “Levodopa: faster and better word learning in normal humans.” Annals of Neurology. 2004 Jul;56(1):20-6. (source)

[xi] Rana D.G., Galani V.J. “Dopamine mediated antidepressant effect of Mucuna pruriens seeds in various experimental models of depression.” Ayu. 2014 Jan;35(1):90-7. (source)

[xii] Tharakan B., Dhanasekaran M., Mize-Berge J., Manyam B.V. “Anti-Parkinson botanical Mucuna pruriens prevents levodopa induced plasmid and genomic DNA damage.” Phytotherapy Research. 2007 Dec;21(12):1124-6. (source)

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Join The Discussion - 376 comments

Ajit
August 5, 2019

hello David, ( pardon me if my English isn’t good) i am engineering student In 2013 i had head pain,low mood and slight memory loss. Later i went to allpatheic doctor who some neurological medicines for me. For 22 months i took these medcines i didn’t get any respiratory these medicines. Then i started consulted psychiatrist who suggested me anti depressents , it cured head pains only and nothing else. I am now on ayurvedic medicine from last three months and it has lifted mood little but still i have memory loss and anhedonia problems. Today i have ordered mucuna pruriens for my ailment. So suggest me something regarding this issue.

jan
July 19, 2019

hello,
what do you think about taking l-dopa against mdma hangover?

Sebastian
July 19, 2019

Hello David,

i’m from Holland so forgive me if my English isn’t perfect. I’ve bin using 50 mg 5-htp per day, but still felt fastly irritated, anxious etc. I’ve read your article about 5-HTP and your advice to combine it with a dopamine precursor. Last week i’ve combined the 5-HTP with 2 capsules of NWO Dopa Mucuna (built it up with 1 capsule a day). I stopped after 4 days to take a break with L Dopa, on your advice. Since i stopped i’ve felt a little down/depressed. On the site of Amazon (reviews L Dopa) some of the comments scared me. They said L-Dopa is dangerous and can permanently ‘damage’ your dopamine balance. Since i’ve been feeling down after stopping taking it, i’m affraid to use it anymore. Can you tell me what’s wrong and if it’s true that L-Dopa is ‘dangerous’?

    David Tomen
    July 19, 2019

    Sebastian, don’t believe everything you read on the internet. Most of the time someone makes a false statement and it gets repeated countless times.

    Your brain naturally has L-DOPA because it is the precursor to the synthesis of dopamine. However, synthetic L-DOPA (the kind used to treat Parkinson’s) is metabolized into dopamine in your body by an enzyme called aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC). And the majority of synthetic L-DOPA will be converted peripherally (not in the central nervous system and brain). This can cause problems.

    Mucuna Pruriens is natural L-DOPA and will not cause any harm unless you boost dopamine too much and it suppresses serotonin. This is why Mucuna and 5-HTP is a good combo as long as you dose them correctly.

    There is no reason to cycle these nootropics if you are using recommended doses and it’s the right dose for you. The evidence is in how you feel when you don’t use Mucuna.

      Sebastian
      July 20, 2019

      thanks David! Your advice on L-Dopa is cycling it 4/5 days a week. Should i take the 5-HTP all week or is it best to cycle this also?

        David Tomen
        July 20, 2019

        Sebastian, it depends on what your body and brain need. You’ll learn to listen to your own body and how you respond to each of these nootropics. I don’t cycle either L-DOPA or 5-HTP and it works for me. But it may not for you. Trial and error is the only way to find out.

Pulkit Soni
June 3, 2019

Hi David,
Can Mucuna be used in conjunction with ALCAR and CDP-Choline?

    David Tomen
    June 5, 2019

    Yes they can be used as a stack.

Joy
April 30, 2019

Hi, This is fascinating. I have been weaning off of Venlafaxine (Effexor) slowly. Currently i am down to half the dosage i was. I am very pleased but notice my mood is increasingly “melancholy”. Should i take both L-Dopa and 5 HTP? And what dosage would you recommend to start with?
Thank you so much! Joy

    David Tomen
    May 1, 2019

    Joy, Venlafaxine is a serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SNDRI). Which means that it is dangerous to try boosting serotonin or dopamine while taking this drug. Because you could easily cause Serotonin Syndrome or a hypertensive crisis.

    I recommend NOT taking anything like L-DOPA or 5-HTP as long as you are using this medication. Way too risky.

JP
April 16, 2019

Hi David,

I take Bupropin and Amphetamine salts to treat depression and ADD. I strongly suspect that I have a dopamine deficiency, as I have 12 of the 14 symptoms listed on another web site.

Are there any dangers to using Mucuna with these prescription drugs?

Jean
April 11, 2019

Hi David,

I am currently taking Mucuna and GABA, but I am feeling very tired during the day. I think it must be the lack of tryptophon.

I need something to keep me energized.

What do you think? Tell me something to improve?

Kenneth
April 3, 2019

Hi David,

I get a good response from using l-phenylalanine so I obviously need some more dopamine. My question is would Mucuna be a better option?

Thanks,

    David Tomen
    April 3, 2019

    Kenneth, If you are getting a good response to L-Phenylalanine and need more dopamine I suggest moving the next step up the dopamine pathway and trying L-Tyrosine or NALT. If you find you need even more dopamine that’s when to try Mucuna.

      Kenneth
      April 4, 2019

      What ratio of L-Tyrosine to Tryptophan or 5HTP would you recommend to ensure that there is a balance of dopamine and serotonin? Also is it worth adding a choline supplement also?

      Thanks,

        David Tomen
        April 6, 2019

        Kenneth, Generally about 2,000 mg L-Tyrosine to 500 mg L-Tryptophan. 5-HTP is much harder to recommend because it is a direct precursor to serotonin. So usually much less than L-Tryptophan. This balance can only be achieved by listening to your body and how you feel.

        Alpha GPC or CDP-Choline is nearly always a great addition because your brain needs it for so many functions including signalling between neurons.

        Kenneth
        April 7, 2019

        Much appreciated David.

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