Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALCAR, ALC or LAC) is a synthesized version of L-Carnitine. Which is a derivative of the amino acids lysine and methionine.
ALCAR is more bioavailable than L-Carnitine. It easily crosses the blood-brain barrier. And delivers L-Carnitine across cell membranes (which it would not be able to cross on its own).
L-Carnitine is naturally made in your liver and kidneys. And then transported to other tissues including your brain and heart.
ALCAR helps:
- Brain Energy Metabolism. ALCAR helps transport of fatty acids into mitochondria where they’re needed for energy metabolism. Fueling your cells “power plants” can boost physical and mental energy.
- Neurotransmitters. ALCAR is a necessary ingredient for acetylcholine formation. Which boosts memory, mental alertness, and fluid thought.
- Brain Optimization. The antioxidant properties of Acetyl-L-Carnitine provides neuroprotective qualities, boosts Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), and promotes cerebral blood circulation.
Table of Contents
Overview
L-Carnitine is an amino acid that’s synthesized in your body. You also get it from red meat and dairy.
L-Carnitine is considered a “conditionally essential” nutrient because when your body uses it faster than it can produce it, you need supplemental L-Carnitine either from food or a supplement.
L-Carnitine is used throughout your body. Here we’re talking about the Acetyl-L-Carnitine form of L-Carnitine because of its affects on brain health and chemistry.
L-Carnitine vs. Acetyl-L-Carnitine: What’s the Difference?
L-Carnitine and Acetyl-L-Carnitine are often referred to as Carnitine. But each are structurally different, and each has its advantages.
L-Carnitine: Provides energy for the mitochondria of your cells, but is not capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier. Supplemental L-Carnitine is difficult for your body to absorb; only 18% of it reaches your bloodstream.
L-Carnitine is favored by athletes and dieters who want Carnitine’s fat-metabolizing benefits. But are not seeking any brain benefits.
Acetyl-L-Carnitine: Is easier to absorb and used by your body than L-Carnitine. One study showed using 2 grams daily for 50 days boosted blood ALCAR levels by 43%.[i]
ALCAR does everything that L-Carnitine does, but can also cross the blood-brain barrier. In another study, researchers found that ALCAR protects brain cells from oxidative stress, while L-Carnitine does not.[ii]
How does Acetyl-L-Carnitine Work in the Brain?
Acetyl-L-Carnitine boosts brain health and function in several ways. But two in particular stand out.
- ALCAR boosts acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter tied to memory and overall brain function.Acetyl-L-Carnitine is a precursor to acetylcholine in the presence of Coenzyme-A. ALCAR donates a “methyl group” to make acetylcholine.[iii]
Alzheimer’s-diseased brains show a 25% to 40% reduction in carnitine acetyltransferase, a brain enzyme that works with L-Carnitine & Acetyl-L-Carnitine.
This brain enzyme decline led researchers to link low ALCAR with low acetylcholine, and Alzheimer’s onset. They went on to suggest ALCAR as a viable therapy for brain regeneration.[iv]
- ALCAR promotes brain energy by fueling your brain cell’s mitochondria.[v]
ALCAR works as a shuttle transport for fatty acids through cell membranes. Right to the cell powerplant mitochondria.[vi]
- As ALCAR shuttles fatty acids into mitochondria, it provides the fuel that is burned for energy.
- As ALCAR shuttles fatty acids out of mitochondria, it flushes out toxic byproducts.
ALCAR maintains mitochondria in nearly every cell of your body. Your brain consumes at least 20% of your body’s energy. And generates a lot of toxic byproducts. So ALCAR is particularly important for a healthy brain.
How things go bad:
As we get older, our brain chemistry and energy metabolism changes.[vii]
↓ Nerve growth factor in the brain declines
↓ Acetyl-L-Carnitine levels decline
↓ Acetylcholine levels decline
↓ Mitochondria loses efficiency
All of these age-related changes are contributing factors to the neurodegenerative diseases of aging, including Alzheimer’s and dementia.
ALCAR to the rescue.
Research from the Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University shows that Acetyl-L-Carnitine will:[viii]
- Restore efficient mitochondrial energy production
- Replenish age-related changes to mitochondrial structure
- Replenish ALCAR and acetylcholine levels in the brain and body
ALCAR’s has the ability to boost acetylcholine and rejuvenate brain cells (including mitochondria). This has been proven to benefit those with age-related brain diseases like Alzheimer’s and major depression.[ix]
How does Acetyl-L-Carnitine feel?
You may not feel ALCAR… unless you’re elderly or have Erectile Dysfunction. Within those specific groups, Acetyl-L-Carnitine helps with memory, mood, mental performance and the ability to get and maintain an erection.
ALCAR’s brain support and its ability to fuel the mitochondria in your brain cells should boost cognition in all age and gender groups.
As a nootropic, ALCAR user reviews report a boost in energy and quick thinking.
The Research
In one study, researchers showed that ALCAR may have positive effects for depression and dementia.[x]
Another study out of Italy; researchers showed that Acetyl-L-Carnitine stimulated the growth of new neurites. More of these minute projections from nerve cell bodies meant increased signaling between cells throughout the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord).[xi]
And a study conducted at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York found that ALCAR has potential in treating the symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease. By directly affecting mitochondrial respiration and assisting dopamine neurons and the use of dopamine in the brain.
ALCAR helps with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)
A gold-standard double-blind, randomized controlled trial on 1,204 people showed significant effect on attention, mental performance, memory and higher mental functions.[xii]
In this study ALCAR seemed to ward off further brain deterioration. And could be considered as therapy for brain degeneration.
Acetyl-L-Carnitine slows rate of cognitive decline
130 Alzheimer’s patients were given ALCAR or a placebo daily for a year. They were tested across 14 points of cognitive performance.
This research showed a slower decline in cognitive performance with the ALCAR group compared to the placebo group.[xiii]
ALCAR effective for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Acetyl-L-Carnitine has been shown to improve fatigue in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome.
In a randomized, double-blind, crossover study; 36 people were treated for 3 months with either amantadine (used to treat Chronic Fatigue), or 1 gram of ALCAR twice daily.
The results of the study showed that ALCAR was better tolerated and more effective than the pharmaceutical for fatigue.[xiv]
Acetyl-L-Carnitine protects from oxidative damage of Ecstasy (MDMA)
Research has shown ALCAR to be effective in protecting your mitochondria from oxidative stress. But these guys took it a step further.
Male rats were given Acetyl-L-Carnitine before a dose of Ecstasy (MDMA). ALCAR pretreatment “exerts effective neuroprotection against MDMA-induced neurotoxicity at the mitochondrial level”, said the researchers.[xv]
Keep that in mind before your next party.
ALCAR for Erectile Dysfunction?
In this study, 120 patients were split into 3 groups. Group 1 was given 160 mg of testosterone per day. The 2nd group was given 2 grams of Propionyl-L-Carnitine plus 2 grams of Acetyl-L-Carnitine per day. And the 3rd group a placebo.
Did you know that there’s an International Index of Erectile Function?
Turns out the Propionyl-L-Carnitine/Acetyl-L-Carnitine stack was better than testosterone for erectile dysfunction. Without the side effects of an enlarged prostate, better orgasms, more sexual desire and improved mood.[xvi]
Dosage Notes
- Acetyl-L-Carnitine suggested dosage for cognitive benefits is 1 – 4 grams per day.
- For improved mood and elimination of chronic fatigue, 1 – 3 grams of ALCAR per day.
- For age-related memory concerns, 1 – 2 grams of ALCAR per day.
ALCAR is water-soluble and can be taken on an empty stomach with water. A few supplement manufacturers recommend taking their Acetyl-L-Carnitine with a meal. Which implies that it’s fat-soluble for which I’ve found no evidence in the scientific literature.
Side Effects
Acetyl-L-Carnitine is produced naturally in your body. So is considered well-tolerated and safe.
Side effects are rare but can include nausea, vomiting, increased agitation, weight loss, and restlessness.
You can also see an increase in seizure frequency if you have any kind of seizure disorder.
Available Forms
- Acetyl-L-Carnitine: L-Carnitine with an extra acetyl group. This version is more bioavailable and easily crosses the blood-brain barrier.
- L-Carnitine: This is the standard form of carnitine found in food.
- Lipo-Carn®: A proprietary blend of Alpha-Lipoic Acid and Acetyl-L-Carnitine. Studies show this combination is a powerful anti-aging duo.
Together, these two help combat diabetes, boost energy production, maintain proper cognitive function, protects the body from radiation and chemical toxins and helps immunity.[xvii] - Propionyl-L-Carnitine: L-Carnitine combined with propionic acid. This form is noted for its antioxidant activity, and is used for heart health applications. Also useful for erectile dysfunction.
ALCAR 750 mg is also included in the Performance Lab Energy nootropic stack.
Nootropics Expert Recommendation
Acetyl-L-Carnitine 500 – 1,500 mg per day
We recommend using Acetyl-L-Carnitine as a nootropic supplement.
Your body does synthesize some ALCAR on its own. And from the food you eat. But most Acetyl-L-Carnitine comes from red meat. And unless you eat a lot of great quality grass-fed beef or mutton…
ALCAR is especially helpful for those suffering from age-related cognitive decline. Studies show it helps stop or reverse brain degeneration with Alzheimer’s Disease, and depressive disorders. Particularly in the early stages of the disease.
We suggest starting with a dose of 500 mg daily. ALCAR is a great compliment to a stack including Piracetam. Add a choline source (Alpha GPC or CDP-Choline) at a ratio of 1:4. 1 gram of Alpha GPC to 4 grams of Piracetam. Take enough choline to eliminate a racetam-induced headache. Then add 500 mg of ALCAR.
Some have found ALCAR stacked with Coenzyme Q-10 has a profound effect on everything from mood to bipolar disorder. Especially combined with Alpha-Lipoic Acid.
Age-related cognitive disorders like Alzheimer’s may want to up the dose to 1,500 mg per day.
[i] Rebouche C.J. “Kinetics, pharmacokinetics, and regulation of L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine metabolism.” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2004 Nov;1033:30-41. (source)
[ii] Liu J., Head E., Kuratsune H., Cotman C.W., Ames B.N. “Comparison of the effects of L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine on carnitine levels, ambulatory activity, and oxidative stress biomarkers in the brain of old rats.” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences2004 Nov;1033:117-31. (source)
[iii] White H.L., Scates P.W. “Acetyl-L-carnitine as a precursor of acetylcholine.” Neurochemical Research 1990 Jun;15(6):597-601. (source)
[iv] Kalaria R.N., Harik S.I. “Carnitine acetyltransferase activity in the human brain and its microvessels is decreased in Alzheimer’s disease.”Annals of Neurology 1992 Oct;32(4):583-6. (source)
[v] Berg J.M., Tymoczko J.L., Stryer L. Biochemistry. 5th edition. New York: W H Freeman; 2002. (source)
[vi] Berg J.M., Tymoczko J.L., Stryer L. Biochemistry. 5th edition. New York: W H Freeman; 2002. (source)
[vii] Costell M., O’Connor J.E., Grisolía S. “Age-dependent decrease of carnitine content in muscle of mice and humans.” Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 1989 Jun 30;161(3):1135-43. (source)
[viii] Gomez L.A., Heath S.D., Hagen T.M. “Acetyl-L-carnitine supplementation reverses the age-related decline in carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) activity in interfibrillar mitochondria without changing the L-carnitine content in the rat heart” Mechanics of Aging Development 2012 Feb-Mar; 133(0): 99–106. (source)
[ix] Pettegrew J.W., Levine J., McClure R.J. “Acetyl-L-carnitine physical-chemical, metabolic, and therapeutic properties: relevance for its mode of action in Alzheimer’s disease and geriatric depression.” Molecular Psychiatry 2000 Nov;5(6):616-32. (source)
[x] Ferrari F., Gorini A., Villa R.F. “Functional proteomics of synaptic plasma membrane ATP-ases of rat hippocampus: effect of l-acetylcarnitine and relationships with Dementia and Depression pathophysiology.” European Journal of Pharmacology 2015 Jun 5;756:67-74. (source)
[xi] Taglialatela G., Navarra D., Olivi A., Ramacci M.T., Werrbach-Perez K., Perez-Polo J.R., Angelucci L. “Neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells stimulated by acetyl-L-carnitine arginine amide.” Neurochemical Research 1995 Jan;20(1):1-9. (source)
[xii] Montgomery S.A., Thal L.J., Amrein R. “Meta-analysis of double blind randomized controlled clinical trials of acetyl-L-carnitine versus placebo in the treatment of mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer’s disease” International Clinical Psychopharmacology 2003 Mar;18(2):61-71. (source)
[xiii] Spagnoli A. et. Al. “Long-term acetyl-L-carnitine treatment in Alzheimer’s disease.” Neurology. 1991 Nov;41(11):1726-32. (source)
[xiv] Tomassini V., Pozzilli C., Onesti E., Pasqualetti P., Marinelli F., Pisani A., Fieschi C. “Comparison of the effects of acetyl L-carnitine and amantadine for the treatment of fatigue in multiple sclerosis: results of a pilot, randomized, double-blind, crossover trial.” Journal of Neurological Science 2004 Mar 15;218(1-2):103-8. (source)
[xv] Alves E. et. Al “Acetyl-l-carnitine provides effective in vivo neuroprotection over 3,4-methylenedioximethamphetamine-induced mitochondrial neurotoxicity in the adolescent rat brain” Cellular Neuroscience Volume 158, Issue 2, 23 January 2009, Pages 514–523 (source)
[xvi] Cavallini G., Caracciolo S., Vitali G., Modenini F., Biagiotti G. “Carnitine versus androgen administration in the treatment of sexual dysfunction, depressed mood, and fatigue associated with male aging.”Urology 2004 Apr;63(4):641-6. (source)
[xvii] Liu J., Head E., Gharib A.M., Yuan W., Ingersoll R.T., Hagen T.M., Cotman C.W., Ames B.N. “Memory loss in old rats is associated with brain mitochondrial decay and RNA/DNA oxidation: partial reversal by feeding acetyl-L-carnitine and/or R-alpha -lipoic acid.” Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2002 Feb 19;99(4):2356-61. (source)
I notice recentlly that ALCAR decreases my blood sugar when taken alone , without food. Even taken with breakfast sometimes i feel weak after that. Do you recomend me to split ALCAR into 2 doses ,ie 1g twice, or to remove it. I also noticed a difference of the timing in those glucose disposal agents(300mg ALA,1,5-2g ALCAR, 1,5gFENUGREEK) when taken prior-during-after the breakfast. If i take them prior-breakfast i would get a nasty Hypoglucemia.
Is Alcar absorbtion decreased by food?
Best regrads
Y
Daka, ALCAR does not affect blood sugar so something else must be going on. The side effects of this supplement are rare but do include “nausea, vomiting, increased agitation, weight loss, and restlessness.” You may be one of those people.
Taking ALCAR with food is not a problem. You can try it with a meal and see if that solves your problem. And reduce the dosage. If you still have problems I suggest not using it.
Hi David,
Thank you very much for the opportunity to ask you, an expert ahead of our time.
Would it be a good thing to take ACETY L-CARNITINE w/my ADHD stimulant, together (w/little gap between)and coq10, magnesium glycinate (120mg), Raw D3 w/probiotics/3,6,9 from chia seed oil? Thank you so much for your time/expertise.
Jina, it is absolutely a good thing. See my entire ADHD nootropic stack here: https://nootropicsexpert.com/best-nootropics-for-adhd-add/
Thank you, you’re too cool and 12 steps ahead of so many experts. It’s exactly what I’ve wanted/been looking for, a desert. So, happy for the knowledge, that has been your experience, also, it’s a gem/your site as a unit. T.Y.! There’s hope. ✨✅
Hi David,
Is it okay to take Alcar as a young man? Do I have to worry about oxidative stress? I was looking for some information about this and I’m a little worried. I read these posts on longecity and I’m in doubt: https://www.longecity.org/forum/topic/50494-accidentally-took-alcar-is-this-stuff-safe/ http://www.longecity.org/forum/topic/26055-alcar-age-adjusted-dose-ranging/
I intend to take Alcar to have more energy to study.
Jean, ALCAR used at recommended age-appropriate dosages will not cause “oxidative stress”. In fact, it is restorative and energizing especially when used with R-Lipoic Acid, CoQ10 and PQQ. That stack supports ATP production in mitochondria which is fundamentally where your energy comes from.
Here’s two ideas for you for energy for studying:
https://nootropicsexpert.com/best-energy-supplements-to-buy-in-2020/ which describes two stacks you can try. Get the nootropics individually or the stacks described in that post.
And here’s a post I did specifically for studying: https://nootropicsexpert.com/best-nootropics-for-studying/
I am 17 years old. Would it be okay to take 1-3 grams of Alcar? I was thinking about first testing Alcar and then trying a stack that helps mitochondria, depending on the results.
I already use some nootropics from the recommended stack for studying like citicoline, bacopa monnieri, caffeine (I will try the others sometime).
I would use Alcar to avoid caffeine daily, i need energy all day. Any lack of energy worsens my motivation.
Jean, I wouldn’t go as a high as 3 grams at 17. Because it’s highly unlikely your brain needs it.
I suggest coming at your energy levels from other angles too like supplementing with R-Lipoic Acid, CoQ10 and PQQ. And if you are using caffeine make sure you are supporting what it’s depleting including the B-Vitamins, L-Tyrosine and lowering cortisol.
Search for “energy” top right and 1 of 2 of the 2020 posts explains how that works. Because I detail how Performance Lab Stim works and why.
Isnt it bad that mind lab pro hasnt this one in its stack?
Jason, I don’t think so because higher dosages of ALCAR are required to be effective. And the daily MLP dose would end up being 3 – 4 capsules minimum if it included this nootropic.
This is not an expensive nootropic supplement which means most can afford to buy it. The alternative is getting Performance Lab Energy which contains ALCAR and which I include in one of my daily nootropic stacks.
Hello David thank you for an amazing article, taking 2g of Alcar daily really eased my anxiety… However should it be taking with ALA? My worries with ALA is that it surpresses the Thyroid Hormones, I am also a bodybuilder could this benefit me?
Mike, you do not need to use ALCAR with Alpha Lipoic Acid. ALA can lower thyroid hormone but this is usually only a concern with someone who has thyroid problems. If you have a healthy thyroid you shouldn’t have a problem.
Thank you! I also started taking SSRI’s…. Couldn’t find data online if Alcar and SSRI interact…. Thanks
Mike, it shouldn’t because ALCAR affects the synthesis of acetylcholine. And SSRI’s work primarily on serotonin and its receptors and transporters.
Going forward, the quickest way to figure this kind of thing out is learn the mechanism of action of the drug you are using. The look at the mechanism of action for each nootropic. If there is a direct or close match then you’ve got trouble. But if they are completely unrelated then ‘most’ of the time you shouldn’t have a problem.
Hi David,
My son is autistic and does not tolerate methylated vitamins well (shouting and gets hyper/agitated). I would like to try acetyl l carnitine but wonder if the methyl donor will cause him to react badly. Should I not even bother? thanks for your response.
Irene, it’s very possible he’ll react badly to ALCAR too. Maybe try a very small dose of 50 or 100 mg and see what happens first before writing it off entirely.
I’ve not written about autism but have researched it for some consulting clients. Book some time with me if you like and I’ll take you through what I’ve found to work with autism.
Type correction:
Hi David, I really like your blog and thanks for putting all that information out there.
I’ve been suffering from focus, cognition and comprehension all my life. Do you think Mind lab Pro stacked with ALCAR, NALT AND SULBUTIAMINE is safe and enough to fix these issues? I‘m using mindLab Pro, it helps with focus but my comprehension is still really really bad.
I can read the pages of book without understanding anything and had to read it again.
Anything specific to increase comprehension that you can suggest?
Dan, you’re on the right track. Now it’s looking for a couple more nootropics to take you to the next step.
Try searching for nootropics that specifically boost short-term and working memory. Take a look at the section “The Molecular Biology of Memory” in this post for some ideas: https://nootropicsexpert.com/best-nootropics-for-learning-and-memory/
Hello David I’m so grateful for finding your website! I’d like to ask you a question about ALCAR, can it increase agitation and anxiety?
I’m feeling those effects on myself… Not sure it’s alcar though because I’m taking herbs with it. Second, if I’ll ditch it from my stack will it be a “big loss”?
Mike, it’s rare but one of the side effects of ALCAR is increased agitation. It is a cofactor in the synthesis of acetylcholine and helps mitochondria produce ATP by shuttling fatty acids into cells.
I can’t tell you that it’ll be a “big loss” if you ditched it. You’ll need to figure that one out. But if it doesn’t agree with you then you’ll not be able to use it. Are you sure the ALCAR you are using is pure?
Not sure unfortunately.
Best way to find out is hunt down the manufacturer or vendors website. And see if they’ll provide a Certificate of Analysis. And see if they say anything about how they test product.
If you can’t find that info after locating the vendor I’d find another place to buy it before abandoning it. You need to find a source that is as pure as what they use in Mind Lab Pro and Performance Lab products. One that comes to mind if you want a standalone product is Bulk Supplements.
I surely will what is the minimal effective dose? Also can I take it before studying or it has a buildup effect and need to be taken daily?
Mike, 500 mg is the minimum effective dose of ALCAR. Reports vary but as far as I can figure out it takes about 3.5 hrs. for the full dose of ALCAR after you take it orally to appear in blood tests. And a half-life of about 15 hours: http://www.altmedrev.com/archive/publications/10/1/42.pdf.
So looks like you need to take it at least 3.5 hrs. before studying. And if you take it daily it will have a ‘build-up’ effect. But I imagine only to a certain point and your body will get rid of the excess if you take it daily or 2 – 3-times daily.
Hi David, I made the mistake of ordering just L-Carnitine. Is there anything I can take with it to allow it to have the effects of ALCAR?
Thanks!
Charles, there is nothing you can do to make it act like ALCAR. But all is not lost because L-Carnitine is still an effective supplement for your mitochondria. It just cannot cross your blood-brain barrier so does not provide any nootropic benefit. For that you’ll need to get Acetyl L-Carnitine.
Hi , David
In your post, you mention about Lipo-Carn®, I can’t seems to find any manufacturer selling this with this registered trademarks on the market
As for Propionyl-L-Carnitine. I cannot find any market selling in this combine form too.
Lastly What do you think of Doctor Best Acetyl_L-Carnitine with Biosint or L- Carnitine Fumarate with Biosint.
Thanks in advance.
Wong, it appears that the UK company that makes Lipo-Carn® no longer has a licensee in the USA. But several manufacturers are producing a product containing Propionyl-L-Carnitine. Including the company started by the guy from Smart-Drug-Smarts: https://amzn.to/2MbPDsa.
And Biosint is an Italian company whom I’m not familiar with. But according to their website make several L-Carnitine supplement variations. According to the company, L-Carnitine Fumarate is the “most bioavailable of all carnitine salts” at 58% and best application is for “gel capsules, tablets and soluble granulate sachets”. Looks like it’s worth trying.
How is stacking this with Aphla-GPC,and say Huperizia [sp?] For vagus nerve/aceytcholine support? [ dry eyes dry mouth, low acetyl type symptoms
Alpha GPC + Huperzine-A is fine for acetylcholine support. Just make sure you understand how to dose Huperzine-A: https://nootropicsexpert.com/huperzine-a/
ty also got a headache from GPC, but my fault i think i took the 300mg doses too close together…
Believe i have some vagus nerve dysfunction according to some symptoms,hoarseness, difficulty swallowing liquids, globulous sensation, constipation,bloating.Ty for huperzia info. And or its anxiety related from long term [PRESCRIBED] ativan and adderall usage [ been off them both 6 months now]
Unsure what sort of long term effects those have on our vagus nerve/brain chemicals…any input?
ty
Not sure about Ativan but imagine that it’s harder on the liver than anything else. Long-term Adderall use is rough on synapses and overall neuron health from what I can see from the research. One of the best nootropics for neurogenesis is Lion’s Mane Mushroom because it boosts Nerve Growth Factor and BDNF.
I’m mainly curious how[long term stimulants/benzo use] as it relates to the vagus nerve, digestion and swallowing/ globulous.The huperzia info was good ty. Just bought a ALCAR/ALA product ,a good combo from what i read
Sorry but have not seen anything regarding possible damage done to the vagus nerve or digestion from stimulants or benzo use.
adderall bad for synapses, acetylcholine occurs there? Vagal tone/function relies partly on Ach? Vagus nerve intervenes with almost everything including the”rest digest” portion of parasympathetic pathway [ i.e vagus nerve]. Frustrating as i know somethings off and the 8 months reading ive done one thing keeps popping up is the vagus nerve. In relation to swallowing and digestion, MMC [migrating motor complex]
I seem to swallow more normal after taking the Alpha GPC, like i’m not swallowing as much air. Also started the ALCAR with it as well.
Appreciate the input ty!
Hi Dave,
Great article! I’ve tried taking Acetyl-L-Carnitine several times now and every time it lowers my mood, gives me a headache, and just makes me irritable. I am desperately trying to take the supplements to help mitochondria but cannot seem to tolerate this. I have been trying to find out why I would respond this way and can’t even find a hint, though I have seen some comments from people who have a similar response.
1. Do you have any idea why some people respond this way?
2. Would it be effective to take lysine and methionine instead?
Thank you
Linda, ALCAR boosts acetylcholine so it sounds like you are reacting to excess acetylcholine.
You can use a combo of CoQ10 + PQQ along with Alpha Lipoic Acid to support mitochondria. Esp. the first two.
what is PQQ?
https://nootropicsexpert.com/pqq/
I feel this way too at 500mg dose!! But one thing I don’t understand…when I take 300mg alpha gpc and feel good, my brain thanks me when I take 600mg. I feel like Superman at 600mg. I do get a “crash” at 600mg but I also deal with a lot of crashes throughout the day from caffeine, my brain just gets tired often. I’ve been trying to find a good baseline energy without caffeine but can not find one. I was hoping ALCAR would be it… I’ve tried Red Panix Ginseng and Rhodiola with not very good luck, they make me feel very relaxed and have lower energy. I do have ADHD Pi and rx Adderall and Vyvanse(trying to replace them with nootropics)Any input on this David?
Adam, I’ve been using prescription Ritalin daily for the last 12 years. Not too long after I started Nootropics Expert I took a one year break from Ritalin and used this stack: https://nootropicsexpert.com/best-nootropics-for-adhd-add/.
And it worked. I could have stayed off of Ritalin permanently but chose not to because this brain needs the extra push.
Part of that protocol is Performance Lab Energy. I suggest you read my review (link in the post) so you understand how it works. It was designed to provide the nutrients needed to fuel mitochondria which is the most basic and fundamental source of all-day-energy. Without the caffeine.
I’ve yet to write a review. But I’ve been using the new Performance Lab Stim which provides caffeine + L-Theanine and it works very well. Better than other stacks like this and likely because of the built-in support from L-Tyrosine and the B-Vitamins. Check it out here: https://www.performancelab.com/collections/core-range/products/stim
Hi David,
Is taking ALCAR or any exogenous amino acids on a regular basis can make the body to “forget” to synthesize it by itself or put your body out of “balance”, you think it’s better to minimize there use?
I’ll happy to hear your point of view:)
thank you for your time and this great website with ton of info!!
Tal, for the most part we get our amino acids from protein in food. But some are produced in our system. It’s why we use the terms “essential” and non-essential amino acids. We must get essential amino acids from food or a supplement.
As for L-Carnitine, it is considered a “conditionally essential” nutrient because when your body uses it faster than it can produce it, you need supplemental L-Carnitine either from food or a supplement.
Now to answer your question, I’ve never come across anything to suggest taking amino acids as supplements would shut down our body’s builtin amino acid manufacturing system. They need to come from somewhere. As long as you are using recommended dosages I don’t see a problem.
If the supplement takes over, your body will use what you give it. If you suddenly stop, your body will try to get it from somewhere else. Depending on the amino acid – it’ll be from food or within your system. And if it comes up short, something won’t work as well as it should.
Hallo David
I am under treatment for thyroid.It possible to use Acetyl L-carnitine?
Thanks
Adjai, I’m hypothyroid and I use ALCAR 3-times per day with no problems.
Hi David,
Great site and wealth of information!
I’ve been taking ALCAR (750 mg), fish oil, CoQ10 (100 mg) and a multivitamin that contains 20 mg Choline Bitartrate in the morning with breakfast to combat brain fog and bolster energy. That simple stack (my first nootropic stack ever) has worked well thus far. I’ve experimented with AGPC (300 mg) off and on in the afternoon and before workouts and it’s been effective for enhanced mood and focus. I have CDP-Choline at the ready for improved work focus, upcoming exam prep and overall mood.
Can one cycle between AGPC one day and CDP the next? The days for which I’d take CDP (300 mg) are for exercise off-days and for more mental work. Or is it better to be consistent for a cycle of days to weeks with either choline source? Likewise, can you take either AGPC and CDP on top of the aforementioned morning stack, or would it be better spaced out?
Thanks for your insight!
Rob, your brain naturally produces and using CDP-Choline and Alpha GPC throughout the day. So you can use them both together although likely at a lower dose. Try that and see how it works for you.
If you want to experiment more, please see this: https://nootropicsexpert.com/5-ways-nootropics-can-increase-your-success-in-business-and-life/
I get MUCH better results (mental alertness/focus) with ALCAR after a meal with fat/protein. Seems to have a real kick
Been following a low carb diet, so have less body fat – taking it on an empty stomach on rising before exercise, seems to have a mild hypoglycemic effect (sweating) for me – have you come across any research/feedback
“ALCAR helps transport of fatty acids into mitochondria” – glycogen is a fatty acid – if your glycogen reserves are depleted/lower (due to a low carb/keto diet) and you take ALCAR on an empty stomach – what happens?
I have read some articles that ALCAR increase glucose disposal
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10877193 – is this relevant to the discussion
Joe, that clinical study is relevant to the discussion and your experience with ALCAR supports my research. But I haven’t come across nor experienced the hypoglycemic effect you talk about.
I wanted to leave a quick disclaimer here about ALCAR – there have been studies published on ALC triggering the onset of psychosis in Bipolar Disorder patients at as little as 500mg.
I took 400mg when I was unaware of this fact and it triggered a short manic episode that was not fun to come off of. Granted, my diagnosis is rapid cycling so my default is a bit unstable, but regardless I would be very careful with this stuff!!
I’ve seen reports of increases in seizure frequency if you have any kind of seizure disorder. If you can point me to the studies about ALCAR and Bipolar I’ll include them in the Side Effects section of this review Vera.
Hi, Dave.
Originally, massive headaches I solved with sea salt- still I had headaches. So I used Alpha gpc- it worked mostly; leaving me with light headaches I can only describe as ‘walls of mist sectioning my brain. But even light cardio exercises drained my brain making it feel so empty it hurt.
So I introduced ALCAR to help metabolize fat after genetic testing, but now my Brian feels like jelly, dense and stiff like a sore bicep.
I have(a parental ignored) autistic spectrum disorder and have had extreme zinc and general vitamin/mineral deficiency for years. What do I do?
I’m certainly not an expert on autism. But overall I understand that it is a signalling problem in the brain. If that’s true then starting with the basics and working from there makes the most sense to me.
But first, please understand this is not intended as a diagnosis nor ‘prescription’ for what you should do.
I’m suggesting you may want to start with a high quality multi like the Performance Lab Whole-Food Multi. A high quality DHA supplement for Omega-3s. Then experiment with various methods of brain repair including Lion’s Mane Mushroom, Vinpocetine for blood flow, Alpha GPC for acetylcholine, L-Tyrosine for dopamine, Pine Bark Extract for an antioxidant, etc.
I’ve had enough questions about autism that I’ll spend more time researching it this year. And see if there are any specific nootropics that could help this disorder.
One other suggestion is use the search function here on Nootropics Expert for the keyword “autism” and see what else turns up.
Thank u David!
Hello i wanted to use some supplements for my depression antidepressants so many years don’t work very well.Any suggestions with specific supplements please?
It is not possible to recommend specific nootropics for depression because it depends on the root cause of the depression. Please see this post for more on how to get to the bottom of what is going on with you: https://nootropicsexpert.com/best-nootropics-for-depression/
Hello I wanted to use ALCAR with CoQ10. In the text mention that it may increase seizure frequency. I’m diagnosed with epilepsy, but neve had a seizure disorder. The worst that happened was stop feeling my body for 1 minute (fully conscious). Is it safe to take it alcar IN THIS CASE?
Marcos, I’d be cautious about using ALCAR if you are dealing with epilepsy. It may cause seizures.
My brain fog vanish if i take at least 1000 mg ALCAR at morning. The problem is that i get insomnia if i take more than 250 mg ALCAR. Do you have any idea why ALCAR causes insomnia for me?
John, ALCAR is a great energy booster. And it sounds like it is working well for you. I suggest you start using some nootropics to slow your brain down at the end of the day. Here are some suggestions that work well for me and many others > https://nootropicsexpert.com/best-nootropics-for-sleep/
I have been trying to find out if taking apple cider vinegar (acetic acid) with L-carnitine, would be the same as taking ALCAR – comments?
David, I don’t believe so because acetic acid is produced by acetic acid bacteria during fermentation. Acetyl-L-Carnitine is where an acetyl group displaces the hydrogen atom in the central hydroxyl group of carnitine (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17331998). This is a natural occurrence within cells.
Hi David,
I’m interested in stacking my ALCAR with CoQ10. What amounts would you suggest of both? Specifically for mood due to Bipolar?
Thanks!
Gabriella, ALCAR is dosed at 1 – 3 grams per day. Higher doses are split into 2 or 3 smaller doses to make up the total.
CoQ10 is dosed 100 – 400 mg per day depending on what your body needs.
For both of these start at the lower dosage and see how your body and brain react. Then slowly increase to the highest recommended dose as needed until you feel better.
Hi David
Could you clarify a couple of points please? In your article you say ALCAR is water soluble and there is no scientific evidence it is fat soluble. The in your response to a comment you say it is fat soluble and you take it with oil.
I have taken it on an empty stomach with liquid for a year and benefitted from mental alertness and probably lost a little body fat. However I read long term use can make some people need a couple of naps a day. I was finding a power nap helpful in the afternoon so wondered if ALCAR was making me feel like this?
Steve, I’m not sure what I was thinking when I made that comment a year ago. I just re-read the study linked to in that comment and the researcher clearly states in his very last line, “Carnitine supplements are therefore likely to be much better absorbed on an empty stomach!) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2278553/. So I needed to go back and edit that year-old comment. Thank you.
I doubt it’s ALCAR that’s leading to feeling like you need to take a nap. Because one study found ALCAR useful for treating Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. And the guys at Performance Lab use ALCAR as the first ingredient in their Energy formula: https://nootropicsexpert.com/performance-lab-energy-review/
Hi David,
I’ve just started taking a combination ALCAR and ALA (Alpha-Lipoic acid) product that’s specifically designed for sexual health. I’ve taken a whole bunch of supplements before to repair damage done to my erectile function and mental health (stimulants, antidepressants, recreational stuff).
It’s just been 6 days, but I have to say I don’t feel any marked effects or improvement so far. In fact, I feel slightly less satisfaction.
Is there an adjustment process that I need to ride out? How long is it, and when I can start to reap the benefits of this stack?
Thanks
Vishal, I’m know much more about the human brain than I know about sexual health. But, I am male so first thing is you don’t mention the dosage of ALCAR and Alpha Lipoic Acid your are using. And I’ve personally found that 6,000 mg of L-Arginine with 1,000 mg of L-Citrulline does wonders for an erection.
Which is better? NALT or ALCAR? Would rather only order one so trying to figure out which is more beneficial.
Sarah, neither is ‘better’ because N-Acetyl L-Tyrosine and Acetyl-L-Carnitine are two completely different nootropics with different mechanisms of action and different benefits.
Please read both reviews again and do a ‘cost benefit’ to determine which may work best for you.
Hey David,
I was wondering if ALCAR is an appropriate supplement for those who suffer from hypothyroidism as there is a good amount of research papers suggesting it is an antagonist especially to T3?
Thank you!
Masa, glad you brought this up. The studies you are referring to about carnitine and “hyperthyroid” are old studies. But are still relevant. However, the most recent research shows ALCAR beneficial for reducing fatigue in “hypothyroid” patients: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27432821
I’ve been using ALCAR for about 10 years and am hypothyroid using NP Thyroid (similar to Armor). And have not had any problem. But I also use NALT which stimulates the synthesis of T4 & T3. So is it counteracting inhibition by ALCAR? I don’t honestly know. Just that it works in real life.
ALCAR is critical for a host of health issues and especially for something dealing with thyroid issues. The best way to know is use ALCAR and then get a thyroid panel done.
And to be on the safe side, don’t dose ALCAR at the same time as your thyroid meds. Leave a 1 – 2 hour window between ALCAR and thyroid medication.
Been taking ALCAR for a week, about 250mg a day along with ‘Animal Flex’ which contains the following:
3000mg total:
Glucosamine (As HCL, Sulfate 2KCI)
Methylsulfonymethane (MSM)
Chondroitin Sulfate A (CSA)
Chondroitin Sulfate C (CSC)
1000mg total:
Flaxseed Oil (50% Alpha Linolenic Acid)
Cetyl Myristoleate Proprietary Blend
(Cetyl Myristoleaste**, Cetyl Myristate, Cetyl Palmitate, Cetyl Laurate, Cetyl Palmitoleate, Cetyl Oleate)
Hyaluronic Acid
1000mg total:
Ginger Root Extract (Gingerols, Shogaols)
Turmeric Root (Curcumin)
Boswellia (Resin) (Boswellic Acid)
Quercetin
Bromelain
I almost always have blood pressure of 120~/80~, after taking the above for the first 4-5 days I started noticing that my blood pressure is at at 75~/50~ for the past 3 days, I test it 4-5 times a day and it’s always this low, I’ll decrease the amount of both by x2 and see if it improves. I guess one of them has something in it that enhances the effect of lowering blood pressure.
Edgar, It could be the Turmeric that is causing the drop in blood pressure. But it’s just a guess. Do some research on Quercetin and Bromelain and see if they have any effect as well. I’m not familiar enough with any of the others near the top of your list. But something in there could be the culprit too.
How much for shipping ypur book “Head First” to Norway?
Bert regards
Harald
Harald, Head First is a digital book and you can download it in whatever version you require for your ebook reader.
I have both ALCAR and L-Carnitine. I bought L-Carnitine (2 bottles) before coming across your site. I was wondering if I can take both L-Carnitine and ALCAR at the same time. I really don’t want to throw away the L-Carnitine if I don’t have to. Do you think I should just throw away the L-Carnitine and count my loses?
Last ques: I notice in one pic you had the vitacost brand of ALCAR pills and those were the ones I bought. Then I noticed in another pic you have the primaforce ALCAR powder. Should i have not bought the brand of pills and gone with the other brand and powder?
Pati, I use both L-Carnitine and ALCAR and you can too with no problem. You just may want to cut back your dose of both. I use ALCAR for my brain. And L-Carnitine helps L-Arginine work for better erections. But they clearly both provide carnitine.
ALCAR is popular with the sports and athletic community so is supplied by manufacturers who sell to the athletic market, nootropics community or both. So there are more suppliers to choose from. After I qualify a manufacturer, in this case I look at reviews to find out which supplement is preferred. And since I make my own capsules, which one is available in powder form.
does ALCAR need to be cycled or can we become resistant to it?
JB, ALCAR is a version of carnitine which is an essential nutrient in your body. If you became “resistant” to it you would die. So no, it does not need to be cycled. ALCAR is the kind of nootropic that you can dose 3 or 4 times a day for the rest of your life.
Congratulations Mr Tomen,
A question: my understanding is that the extensive use (chronic, daily basis) use of some amino acids can lead to the depletion or imbalance of some others .
This is the case for Tyrosine for instance, So.. Does ALCAR represent a risk in this aspect ?.
Best regards
Roman, excess tyrosine can deplete serotonin. But supplementing with ALCAR even at higher doses does not seem to negatively affect other neurotransmitters or amino acid levels.
I have weird problem with ALCAR.
When I am taking it, I feel no effect (low dosage – 500 mg), or I am becoming tired (1000-1500 mg dosage).
What can be the problem?
Thomas, it could be the ALCAR is simply not for you. If a higher dosage of ALCAR causes fatigue it usually means too much acetylcholine. Same thing happens when using too much Alpha GPC or CDP-Choline.
Hi David,
Thanks for all the information! I’m really enjoying your videos and texts. Could you give me your opinion on my case, please?
I’m 27 and I was recently diagnosed with Multiple sclerosis (I’m not taking any specific treatment), I’ve been taking vitamin D for 2 months (5000 i.u.) and started to feel dizzy, so I stopped.
I have always been a very positive and communicative person, but I have been feeling anxious, discouraged, with repetitive negative thoughts, and difficulty in sleeping. Three days ago I started taking a supplement (below follow the composition) to boost my mood and cognition (since I’m a student). After taking the supplement and a coffee this morning I was feeling very happy (more than usual) however, after ~1 hour I started feeling very accelerated and with a bad feeling, especially after taking a strong tea (high caffeine concentration). This sensation lasted for about 1hour. Actually, I have an accelerated metabolism and sometimes if I take like 2 or more coffees I feel very accelerated (my heart too) and with a bad feeling. However, I drink a cup of coffee every morning and it’s ok.
Do you thinking the supplements I’m taking could be bad for me?
Thank you! Nayara
……
Acetyl-L-Carnitine 100 mg,
L-theanine 100 mg,
Taurine 100 mg,
caffeine 75 mg,
Vitamin C 40 mg,
Vitamin B3 32 mg,
Zinc 20 mg,
Vitamin B5 12 mg,
Vitamin B6 7,98 mg
Vitamin B1 3,3 mg
Vitamin B2 2,8 ug
Folate 100 ug
Vitamin B7 100 ug
Selenium 82,5 ug
Vitamin B12 20 ug
Omega 3 893 mg (EPA 410 mg/DHA 250 mg)
Vitamin E 6 mg
Vitamin D3 25 ug
Magnesium citrate 2x 150 mg
Nayara, The dosage of each of the supplements you are taking in this stack are very low. So low in fact that most will not provide much therapeutic benefit at all. On a more positive note, the synergy with many of these compounds working together will boost their effectiveness somewhat. It is certainly not “bad” for you.
It seems caffeine is causing you problems. You already have the equivalent of the caffeine dose of one coffee in this supplement. It sounds like you are having a negative reaction from additional caffeine. You can counteract this effect by using L-Theanine. Either with a L-Theanine supplement. Or preferably drinking 3 or 4 cups of green tea throughout your day. See my review on L-Theanine here on Nootropics Expert.
This is what I would do if I was diagnosed with MS. I would learn everything I could about this disease. What causes it, and what it is doing to my body and brain. Study it until I understood what is going on. Then look for ways to either “fix” it or keep it under control.
Multiple sclerosis involves the loss of a specific type of cell that is required for making myelin. Myelin is the sheath surrounding axons in your brain and body. Axons send signals between neurons. Think of myelin as electrical tape wrapped around an electrical wire which protects the wire. If the electrical tape is removed, the wire is exposed and can short-circuit. And quickly burn out.
This destruction of myelin seems to be caused by your autoimmune system attacking this myelin sheath because it identifies it as the enemy.
I’m not a doctor. Don’t even play one on TV. This is my understanding of MS after about 30 minutes of research before responding to your question. My point is this…
Learn all you can about this disease. Then use resources like Nootropics Expert to search for ways to boost your immune system. And keep the inflammatory proteins that attack myelin in check. Then look for ways to rebuild myelin.
Ashwagandha for example helps regenerate axons and dendrites of brain nerve cells. And helps reconstruct synapses, the junctions where nerve cells communicate with other cells.
Pine Bark Extract (Pycnogenol) inhibits proinflammatory gene expression. You need Vitamin B6 to help control inflammation in your brain. B6 suppresses the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The inflammation that is likely contributing to myelin destruction.
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) also contributes to the production of the enzyme PDH which is essential for making the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. And for the synthesis of myelin, which forms a sheath around the axons of neurons.
“Feeling anxious, discouraged, with repetitive negative thoughts, and difficulty in sleeping” is a perfectly natural reaction to being diagnosed with something like MS. The best way to turn this around is to do whatever you can to take back control of your own health. You can do this. I did and it saved my life. I’m not saying that you can completely “heal” yourself. But taking back control as you are starting to do will make all the difference. And take action with what you learn.
I’ve found ACAL a great supp to stack with my other brain boosters, and the effects are very notieable with and without ACAL. However if I go beyond 500g a day I get excessive blood thinning and my nose literally pours a watery blood. I take nothing else that thins my blood but I have noticed a similar effect from some other amino forms and also taurine, so I assume I am one of those with a natural tendency to have thin blood.
Jay, blood thinning is one of the few side effects of using ALCAR. Thanks for your comment.
I am hemophiliac, so I can’t take it, right?
ALCAR boosts blood flow but does not ‘thin’ the blood. So please check with your doctor before trying Acetyl-L-Carnitine.
Hi David,
Thanks for the great information, can you tell me if better to take ALCAR with food or on an empty stomach. My web research is yielding mixed results.
Paul, I’m editing this comment because according to the clinical study linked below, ALCAR is water soluble. And the researcher’s advice on the very last line of this study says, “Carnitine supplements are therefore likely to be much better absorbed on an empty stomach!
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2278553/
I was wondering why a basic piece of information regarding the use of the various supplements (i.e. Water or fat soluble ) is rarely provided anywhere, including from the suppliers of the nootropics themselves.
Michael.
Michael, not an easy question to answer. I imagine some of the marketing people for these companies are not aware of fat- vs. water-soluble.
A few supplement makers include in a supplement’s directions to take it with a meal. The implication there is that the meal provides enough fat for the supplement to be absorbed by your body.
It’s really up to every neurohacker to become very familiar with each supplement in their stack. And find out if it’s water- or fat-soluble. I’ve included that information in the “Dosage Notes” section of each nootropic written about here on Nootropics Expert. Hope that helps.