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February 23, 2023 By David Tomen 75 Comments

Phenylpiracetam

Phenylpiracetam
Phenylpiracetam has been shown to boost alertness, cognition, clarity, focus, learning and memory, provides a stimulant-effect, and reduces symptoms of depression and anxiety

Phenylpiracetam ((R,S)-2-(2-oxo-4-phenylpyrrolidin-1-yl) acetamide, Phenotropil, Fenotropil, Carphedon, Fonturacetam) is a water-soluble nootropic in the racetam-class of compounds.

Phenylpiracetam was created by adding a phenyl group to Piracetam by Russian scientists in 1983. It was developed as a nootropic to boost cognition, and to improve physical stamina.

It turns out that Phenylpiracetam is very effective in boosting athletic performance. It provides significant stimulatory effects and helps you resist cold. Leading to a ban by the World Anti-Doping Agency from use by athletes in the Olympics and other professional sports.[i]Phenypiracetam banned in Oympics

Russian cyclist Anton Reshetnikov was suspended in 2007 for 2 years from the International Cycling Union for using Carphedon.[ii] One year earlier (2006), Russian Olympic athlete Olga Pyleleva lost her silver metal for using Carphedon.[iii]

Carphedon is a brand name for Phenylpiracetam. Adding a phenyl group to Piracetam boosts the bioavailability of Phenylpiracetam. It easily crosses the blood-brain barrier and is considered 20 to 60-times more potent than Piracetam.[iv]

Neurohackers report that Phenylpiracetam enhances alertness, focus, memory, and learning. It reduces brain fog. And it provides physical stamina and cold tolerance while combating physical and mental fatigue.

Phenylpiracetam helps:

  • Prevent Anxiety & Fear: Phenylpiracetam helps reduce symptoms of anxiety and fear. Unlike popular prescription anti-anxiety and anti-depressant drugs, Phenylpiracetam has no sedative action or other adverse side effects associated with these medications.[v]
  • Neuroreceptors: Phenylpiracetam increases the density of acetylcholine (ACh), NMDA, GABA and dopamine receptors in the brain.[vi][vii]More receptors mean more binding sites for neurotransmitters that affect memory formation, cognition, sleep and mood.
  • Cerebral Circulation: Phenylpiracetam increases blood flow in the brain. As a derivative of Piracetam, this nootropic has the same mechanism of action when it comes to blood flow. It suppresses the constriction of blood vessels allowing the freer flow of blood. More oxygen and nutrients get to brain cells boosting alertness, cognition, focus and mood.[viii]

Table of Contents

  • Overview
  • How does Phenylpiracetam work in the Brain?
  • How things go bad
  • Phenylpiracetam benefits
  • How does Phenylpiracetam feel?
  • Phenylpiracetam Clinical Research
    • Phenylpiracetam Improves Cognition
    • Phenylpiracetam Boosts Cerebral Circulation
  • Phenylpiracetam Recommended Dosage
  • Phenylpiracetam Side Effects
  • Where to buy Phenylpiracetam
  • Nootropics Expert Recommendation

Overview

Phenylpiracetam (((R,S)-2-(2-oxo-4-phenylpyrrolidin-1-yl) acetamide) was created by adding a phenyl group to the original nootropic Piracetam.

Phenylpiracetam
Phenylpiracetam

Russian chemists synthesized Phenylpiracetam in 1983 to boost the physical and mental performance of astronauts during space flight. It’s currently used by Russian cosmonauts on the International Space Station.[ix]

Phenylpiracetam combats physical and mental fatigue. It enhances memory, mood and focus. It facilitates learning and retention, reduces brain fog, increases alertness and boosts physical stamina and tolerance to cold.

Phenylpiracetam is also an effective treatment for epilepsy. This debilitating condition is caused by sudden surges of electrical activity in the brain. This temporary disturbance in messaging systems between brain cells can cause a seizure. Normal brain function gets halted or mixed up. This is where Phenylpiracetam comes in.

Phenylpiracetam has been shown in clinical studies to affect Alpha and Beta brain waves.[x] Scientists haven’t quite figured out why it works, but Phenylpiracetam has an ‘anti-convulsive’ action in the brain. They did conclude after one clinical trial, “Phenotropil reduced the frequency of seizures and improved cognitive function in the absence of epileptiform EEG abnormalities.”[xi]

Phenylpiracetam is sold as a prescription drug in Russia and several Eastern European countries. In the United States, Phenylpiracetam is sold as an unregulated OTC research compound.

Phenylpiracetam works as a stimulant

How does Phenylpiracetam work in the Brain?

Phenylpiracetam boosts brain health and function in several ways. But two in particular stand out.

  1. Phenylpiracetam as a stimulant. Phenylpiracetam increases the density of neuroreceptors. Studies have shown it increases the density of acetylcholine (ACh), dopamine, GABA, and NMDA receptors. This translates into more receptors for each of these important neurotransmitters to bind with and boost their effectiveness.

The increase in density of neuroreceptors likely accounts for Phenylpiracetam’s stimulant-like properties. Similar to Ritalin or Adderall, this nootropic increases the effectiveness of dopamine in your brain. Increasing alertness, decision-making capability, and cognition.

But unlike stimulants like Ritalin and Adderall, Phenylpiracetam does not come with any stimulant-like side effects. You should not experience any fatigue, rapid heartbeat, decreased appetite or irritability. Rather you’ll feel increased stamina, have more physical endurance and get smarter.

Just don’t try using Phenylpiracetam if you’re planning on being an Olympic athlete. It was banned several years ago because it’s too effective to be used in professional sports. We don’t want an unfair advantage now, do we?

  1. Phenylpiracetam decreases anxiety and depression. For similar reasons to how Phenylpiracetam works as a stimulant, it can also tame symptoms of anxiety and depression. It increases the density of receptors for acetylcholine (ACh), GABA and NMDA receptors.[xii]

This increase in receptor sites for GABA, choline and glutamate affects levels of the calming neurotransmitters GABA and serotonin in your brain. Phenylpiracetam floods your brain with the neurochemicals you need to chill out.[xiii]

How things go bad

As we get older, our brain chemistry and metabolism changes. And it seems these changes are affecting younger and younger people.

↓ Recall, reaction time and learning capacity declinesPhenylpiracetam boosts cognition

↓ Neurotransmitter levels decline

↓ Density of ACh, dopamine, GABA and NMDA receptors decline

↓ Acetylcholine levels decline

↓ Cerebral blood flow declines

↓ Stamina and endurance decline

All of these changes are contributing factors to age-related cognitive decline. Early signs of these effects can be seen in poor decision-making, difficulty learning, and even recalling simple things like an important appointment.

But even if you’re not concerned with the signs of aging, Phenylpiracetam can help.

Phenylpiracetam benefits

Phenylpiracetam is highly bioavailable when used as a nootropic. Once digested it quickly gets absorbed and crosses the blood-brain barrier.Phenylpiracetam boosts physical performance

Phenylpiracetam modulates neuroreceptors. It’s been shown to increase the density of receptors for GABA, NMDA, dopamine and acetylcholine.

More neuroreceptors result in more of each neurotransmitter being able to bind to neurons. And affect alertness, cognition, memory, recall and mood.

Phenylpiracetam has a positive effect on physical performance by increasing endurance, and reducing physical and mental fatigue. In fact, these effects are so potent that Phenylpiracetam has been banned from professional sports by the World Anti-Doping Agency.

Phenylpiracetam has been shown to act as a stimulant. But unlike pharmaceutical drugs, it does not affect your cardiovascular or respiratory system. And does not have the side effects of jitteriness, restlessness or irritability like regular stimulants.

Phenylpiracetam is also noted for increasing your threshold to tolerance for cold.

How does Phenylpiracetam feel?

Phenylpiracetam improves concentration and motivationMany neurohackers say Phenylpiracetam is the strongest nootropic they’ve ever experienced. It’s highly bioavailable and you experience the effects within 30 minutes of taking it.

Phenylpiracetam increases concentration, motivation, memory, physical endurance, and tolerance to cold. Learning is quicker and stress is reduced.

Learning and processing information becomes easier with Phenylpiracetam. You’re not re-reading sentences and paragraphs trying to understand them.

Short and long-term memory improves. Motor skills improve so you’re typing faster and more accurately.

Those dealing with depression report a decrease in depressive symptoms. More confidence helps in social situations and conversations are easier.

Productivity rises and you assume a “get it done’ mentality. Procrastination is a thing of the past.

Phenylpiracetam is a popular pre-workout supplement. It increases your endurance and reduces both physical and mental fatigue. And if you’re one of the unfortunate ones who live in a cold climate you’ll find that your tolerance for cold is better.

Phenypiracetam improves cold tolerance

Phenylpiracetam Clinical Research

Phenylpiracetam was developed in Russia in 1983. And the majority of research done with this nootropic has been conducted in Russia. Published in Russian medical journals in Russian.

So we have limited clinical trial data to draw on. And like many nootropics we rely on nootropic user reviews. The following is two samples of clinical trials we were able to find that have been translated into English. And published in Western medical databases.

Phenylpiracetam Improves Cognition

A study done by Russian researchers investigated the effects of Phenylpiracetam on cognition. 99 adults aged 40 – 60 suffering from cognition deficits due to surgery or brain trauma were enrolled in this study.

Volunteers were given 200 mg of Phenylpiracetam daily for 30 days. The researchers found that those using the nootropic showed a significant improvement in motor coordination, higher brain function, memory, attention and counting. And a reduction in both anxiety and depression.[xiv]

Phenylpiracetam Boosts Cerebral Circulation

Researchers in Moscow recruited 400 patients suffering from ischemic stroke. This is the most common type of stroke where blood vessels carrying blood to the brain are blocked by a blood clot.

Half of the group received 400 mg of Phenylpiracetam daily for a year. The control group got a placebo.

The research team found that the group who received Phenylpiracetam experienced a significant restoration in cognitive function, and resumed daily activities. Far better than the control group who took a placebo.[xv]

Phenylpiracetam Recommended Dosage

Recommended Phenylpiracetam dosage is 100 mg twice per day. One Phenylpiracetam dose in the morning, and one in the early afternoon.

Don’t use Phenylpiracetam later in the day because its stimulant effect can cause insomnia.

You can develop a tolerance to Phenylpiracetam, so consider taking it only on days when you need the extra focus. Or try cycling it one week on and one week off.

Phenylpiracetam Side Effects

Phenylpiracetam is non-toxic. So is considered well-tolerated and safe.

As with many of the racetams, Phenylpiracetam can cause headaches because it boosts the use of acetylcholine in your brain. Choline supplements like Alpha GPC or CDP-Choline can help you avoid this side effect.

Tolerance is a problem with Phenylpiracetam and builds rather quickly. It will soon lose its effects if used in excess. So try using Phenylpiracetam only when you need extra cognitive power, or before a workout. Or try cycling it one week on and one week off to avoid tolerance.

Many neurohackers find that stacking Phenylpiracetam with a choline supplement boosts the effect even more with improved memory and cognition. And this is supported in several research studies.

Where to buy Phenylpiracetam

Phenylpiracetam is sold in tablet, capsule and powder form. Tablets and capsules are usually 100 mg each.

You can currently buy Phenylpiracetam from Cosmic Nootropic – Phenylpiracetam. The company sells brand name and patented forms of many of the racetams and is highly recommended.

Nootropics Expert Recommendation

Phenylpiracetam 100 mg 2-times per day

Nootropics Expert Tested and ApprovedI recommend using Phenylpiracetam as a nootropic supplement.

Your body does not make Phenylpiracetam on its own. So to get its benefits you must take it as a supplement.

Phenylpiracetam is especially helpful for those suffering from ADHD or brain fog. This nootropic has a stimulant-like effect similar to that of pharmaceutical stimulants. But without the side effects of increased heart rate, irritability and restlessness.

Phenylpiracetam can boost athletic performance. It has been shown to improve physical performance, increase stamina and endurance. And even provides cold-weather resistance.

Phenylpiracetam is also particularly useful to students and executives who want to boost alertness, cognition, clarity, focus, learning and memory. This nootropic also has anti-depressant and anti-anxiety benefits.

Studies have shown that Phenylpiracetam can be effective in relieving the frequency of epileptic seizures in those dealing with epilepsy. It even compliments some epilepsy medications.

You should use Phenylpiracetam with a good choline supplement like Alpha GPC or CDP-Choline. It helps boost the effectiveness of neural acetylcholine, so demands the presence of more choline in your brain.

You can safely boost daily intake of Phenylpiracetam to 400 mg. But be aware that tolerance to the effects of this nootropic build quickly. So we recommend using Phenylpiracetam only on days when you need the extra cognitive power. Or cycle the use of this nootropic one week on, and one week off.

You can currently buy Phenylpiracetam from Cosmic Nootropic – Phenylpiracetam. The company sells brand name and patented forms of many of the racetams and is highly recommended.

REFERENCES

[i] Prohibited Lists January 2016 World Anti-Doping Guide (source)

[ii] “Two Russian U23 riders positive” Cycling News cyclingnews.com Oct. 18, 2007 retrieved June 30, 2016 (source)

[iii] Piper E. “Pyleva says she took drugs by mistake” redOrbitredorbit.com Feb. 17, 2006 Retrieved June 30, 2016 (source)

[iv] Malykh A.G., Sadaie M.R. “Piracetam and Piracetam-Like Drugs”Drugs February 2010, Volume 70, Issue 3, pp 287-312 (source)

[v] Akhapkina V.I., Akhapkin R.V. in Russian “[Identification and evaluation of the neuroleptic activity of phenotropil].” Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova. 2013;113(7):42-6. (source)

[vi] Firstova Y.Y., Abaimov D.A., Kapitsa I.G., Voronina T.A., Kovalev G.I. “The effects of scopolamine and the nootropic drug phenotropil on rat brain neurotransmitter receptors during testing of the conditioned passive avoidance task” Neurochemical Journal June 2011, Volume 5, Issue 2, pp 115-125 (source)

[vii] Zvejniece L. et. Al. “Investigation into Stereoselective Pharmacological Activity of Phenotropil” Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology Volume 109, Issue 5, pages 407–412, November 2011 (source)

[viii] Mirzoian R.S., Gan’shina T.S. in Russian “[Mechanism of the cerebrovascular effect of piracetam].” Biull Eksp Biol Med. 1985 Jan;99(1):64-6. (source)

[ix] Zvejniece L. et. Al. “Investigation into Stereoselective Pharmacological Activity of Phenotropil” Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology Volume 109, Issue 5, pages 407–412, November 2011 (source)

[x] Gower A.J., Noyer M., Verloes R., Gobert J., Wülfert E. “ucb L059, a novel anti-convulsant drug: pharmacological profile in animals.”European Journal of Pharmacology. 1992 Nov 10;222(2-3):193-203. (source)

[xi] Grebeniuk O.V., Zhukova N.G., Alifirova V.M. in Russian “[The efficacy of add-on treatment with phenotropil in adult patients with locally-induced epilepsy.]” Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova. 2014;114(11 Vypusk 2. V pomoshch’ prakticheskomu vrachu):27-31. (source)

[xii] Firstova Y.Y., Abaimov D.A., Kapitsa G., Voronina T.A., Kovalev G.I. “The effects of scopolamine and the nootropic drug phenotropil on rat brain neurotransmitter receptors during testing of the conditioned passive avoidance task” Neurochemical Journal June 2011, Volume 5, Issue 2, pp 115-125 (source)

[xiii] Samotrueva M.A., Tyurenkov I.N., Teplyi D.L., Serezhnikova T.K., Khlebtsova E.B. “Psychoimmunomodulatory effect of phenotropil in animals with immune stress.” Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2011 May;151(1):51-4. (source)

[xiv] Savchenko A.Iu., Zakharova N.S., Stepanov I.N. in Russian “[The phenotropil treatment of the consequences of brain organic lesions].”Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova. 2005;105(12):22-6. (source)

[xv] Koval’chuk V.V., Skoromets A.A., Koval’chuk I.V., Stoianova E.G., Vysotskaia M.L., Melikhova E.V., Il’iaĭnen E.V. in Russian “[Efficacy of phenotropil in the rehabilitation of stroke patients].” Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova. 2010;110(12 Pt 2):38-40. (source)

 

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About David Tomen

David has been researching nootropics and brain optimization for over 10 years. When he's not writing about nootropics, he's travelling the world (45 countries so far), sailing, diving, studying neuroscience or sitting under an umbrella on Miami Beach. More...

Comments

  1. Danny O says

    January 29, 2023 at 2:40 am

    Hello, I’ve noticed it’s available again, at least from the Amazon seller I purchased from before.

    Phenylpiracetam Powder, 25 Grams – Life Science Solutions

    Reply
    • David Tomen says

      January 30, 2023 at 4:49 pm

      Thanks Danny. But that may be only in your country. Because Amazon in the USA would never allow someone to sell any of the racetams in their store online in the USA.

      Reply
  2. Dor Konforty says

    November 22, 2022 at 1:10 pm

    Gives me a huge crash after, even with 15-25mg. Any advice for that? I would take it every other day otherwise.

    Reply
    • David Tomen says

      November 28, 2022 at 2:29 pm

      Dor, are you using it with Alpha GPC or CDP-Choline? If you are then this sounds like the wrong supplement for you.

      Reply
  3. Dewan says

    October 31, 2022 at 6:54 pm

    A vendor near me is selling Phenylpiracetam Hydrazide (But just plain Phenylpiracetam isn’t available here). Do you know anything about it as info on it seems a bit scarce. Thanks!

    Reply
    • David Tomen says

      November 3, 2022 at 4:16 pm

      Dewan, that combo was developed in Russia as an anticonvulsant: hmurenko, L. A., et al. “Synthesis of 4-Phenylpyrrolidone Derivatives with Anticonvulsant and Nootropic Activity.” Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal, vol. 53, no. 5, Aug. 2019, pp. 429+. Look up the study and it’ll show you comparing it to Piracetam.

      Reply
  4. Gabriel William says

    July 28, 2022 at 12:49 pm

    Phenylpiracetam. Let the public discover something good, and usually, the price goes up. But this is just too good, so they prevent it from the USA. The government doesn’t want the public to get smart.
    Now, David, I’ve watched many, if not all, of your videos and have your book. so I turn to you for the answer to this question.
    Where can I purchase more Phenylpiracetam?
    I know it can be purchased from Alibaba in China but can not be shipped to the USA; anywhere else seems okay.

    All the sites I have purchased over the last few years and out of stock. They are just not informing the public that it appears to be banned.

    Your help and suggestions are required.

    Reply
    • David Tomen says

      July 29, 2022 at 4:02 pm

      Gabriel, all the racetams are produced in China and imported to the USA and other countries. But there are two major problems with all racetams in the USA right now. First, the FDA sent warning letters to a handful of companies who either went out of business or just stopped selling any racetams. Second, supply chain issues because of the pandemic has affected the entire supplement industry. Again many are produced in China and US companies are having a hard time getting their supply.

      Reply
  5. Ted Bender says

    December 22, 2021 at 8:28 pm

    Thanks for your research and many articles!

    I recently came across an item called phenylpiracetam hydroxide. Is this the same as phenylpiracetam? If different, do you have any advice about it vs the other? Do you consider one as safe as the other? Would be appreciative of your take on any differences. Thank you!

    Reply
    • Ted Bender says

      December 22, 2021 at 8:30 pm

      Sorry meant to say hydrazine, but spell check intervened.

      Reply
      • David Tomen says

        December 26, 2021 at 3:30 pm

        Ted, there is only one kind of Phenylpiracetam. Different manufacturers may call it by the full chemical name but it is still Phenylpiracetam.

        Reply
    • David Tomen says

      December 23, 2021 at 4:33 pm

      Ted, it’s just another name for phenylpiracetam.

      Reply
  6. Jim johnson says

    September 9, 2021 at 7:39 pm

    Dave
    I have tried numerous books. Only two give me the stimulus, motivation I like. However both tend to leave me in slightly depressed lethargic state next day. Tyrosine does same thing. Is this maybe a dopamine hangover? Ty for any comment.

    Reply
    • Jim johnson says

      September 9, 2021 at 7:40 pm

      Oops. Not “BOOKS”; noops

      Reply
    • David Tomen says

      September 10, 2021 at 3:56 pm

      Jim, dopamine must be in balance with serotonin. If all you are doing is increasing dopamine then you are likely also suppressing serotonin. You can counteract this and bring serotonin back into balance with dopamine by using 500 mg L-Tryptophan before bed.

      Reply
  7. Crystal says

    June 6, 2021 at 1:39 pm

    Hello Mr. Tomen,

    Thank you for your excellent writing! Your site and videos have given me a wealth of info for my nootropic journey!

    I’ve used natural/herbal nootropics for some time. Bacopa, choline, amino acids, B vitamins, etc. Racetams are fairly new for me but I have high hopes so far.

    I’ve been on piracetam consistently for about 6 weeks; 800-1000gm 2-3 times a day. Plus Alpha GPC. I feel I have a baseline built up there, and modest but noticeable improvements.

    I decided to try one of the “big guns” of 100mg phenylpiracetam one day. I was *almost* too stimulated but very productive. I took the next day off of it, then tried again the following day. Virtually no change or benefit that time. Now, I know myself well enough I should have waited another day or so. I build a tolerance very quickly across the supplement and compound spectrum. I can’t even take the ibuprofen two days in a row without building tolerance.

    I waited a week to reset tolerance and tried again. Same “non” result or benefit. I tried waiting two or three days then tried again at 200mg. Same thing.

    My question is (fully understanding we are all individuals) have you heard of folks have good results only one time then never again regardless of modification to dose, stacking, time between, etc.?

    Again, I know I build tolerance quickly and this is all anecdotal, but this seems extreme even for me. I thought I was onto something good to have in my “toolkit” after the first successful day, and I’m hoping to work out a way to fit phenylpiracetam into my schedule.

    *I also tried aniracetam, and while I like the cognitive effect, it causes digestive upset so that one is likely not a good candidate for me.

    Thank you so much!

    Reply
    • David Tomen says

      June 6, 2021 at 2:27 pm

      Crystal, I hear of someone every now and then who experiences the benefit of something new. But only once never to get that benefit again.

      I have no ‘technical’ reason why that can happen but have found through experience that some supplements are just wrong for a person. Either you react badly or it provides zero benefit. My advice is to put a check mark beside that one because you tried it. Then move on and try something else.

      Reply
  8. Hebron says

    May 1, 2021 at 1:33 pm

    Would cycling Phenyl one day on one day off work? Or one on two off?
    Thanks Mr Tomen, you’re the man.

    Reply
    • David Tomen says

      May 2, 2021 at 3:50 pm

      Hebron, it depends on how you react to it. For example, there are a couple of supplements that I use every day with no problem. You may grow tolerant to it quickly. Each of us is different so you need to test this.

      Try using it for 5 days then two days off and see how that works. The try it every 2nd day and see how that works.

      Reply
  9. Ethan says

    April 11, 2021 at 8:18 pm

    I have a question. Thank you btw for responding to my TAU comment on your UMP thread. Defiantly going to stick with UMP.

    So Ive tried a range of Racetams. Three to be exact.
    Oxiracetam, Noopept and Phenylpiracetam. Combined with 250mg of citicoline with each dose.

    I respond really well to Racetams like too well. No headaches, zero sides.

    I made the mistake or at lease I feel I did in the sense that I tried Noopept first which I believe is the strongest. So When I tired the Oxiractam and Phenylpiracetam I felt nothing. (Did this experiment Monday, Wednesday and Friday)

    30mg Noopept & 250mg Citicoline Monday was incredible.
    800mg Oxiracetam Wednesday & 250mg Citicoline Wednesday I may have felt it but it was like background noise if i did. No negatives just no obvious boost.
    300mg Phenylpiracetam & 250mg Citicoline and I felt nothing. I even felt cold internally which was strange as its supposed to have the opposite effect. I dosed Iodine shortly after in case it was an thyroid issue (which i don’t have).

    So I guess my question is are Racetams more for once a week? Did my brain build tolerance in one dose? The first Noopept dose was incredible I swear I could feel it correcting my brain.

    Im i being unreasonable and dealing with the law of diminishing returns? Or did I balance my neural network first dose so I don’t feel a “high” now. Kind of like how people with Dopamine dysfunction are prone to nicotine addiction due to the sky rocket and plummet effect rather then a dopamine dominant individual who smoke and barley notices an effect?

    What’s a good Noopept stack?

    Reply
    • David Tomen says

      April 15, 2021 at 5:59 pm

      Ethan, you have just discovered what we all eventually learn and that is not every nootropic will work for you. I suggest being grateful that you discovered Noopept and that it works for you.

      From the sounds of what you are saying you can forget about Oxiracetam and Phenylpiracetam. But don’t feel bad because they don’t work for me either. I’ve had great success with Aniracetam used daily for years. I’m not suggesting it will work for you too. But it may.

      The best Noopept stack is using it with Alpha GPC or CDP-Choline and a healthy fat like unrefined coconut oil or MCT Oil.

      Reply
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