Ask a group of neurohackers which are the best nootropics and you’ll get a symphony of opinions. But when you drill down to what people are taking every day you start to see a pattern.
Experienced biohackers working on cognitive enhancement find it’s easier to focus their brain hacking goals into a few well-defined categories. Then look for the best nootropic to address each one. It looks something like this…
| Best Nootropics for … | Recommended nootropics |
| Cognition, Decision-Making, Focus, & Thinking | Acetyl-L-Carnitine, Aniracetam, CDP-Choline, Lion’s Mane, NALT, B-Complex |
| Memory | Aniracetam, Bacopa Monnieri, CDP-Choline, DHA, L-Theanine, Phosphatidylserine, Pine Bark Extract |
| Anxiety & Depression | Aniracetam, CDP-Choline, Bacopa Monnieri, Rhodiola Rosea, Sulbutiamine, B-Complex |
| Energy & Motivation | Acetyl-L-Carnitine, Alpha Lipoic Acid, CDP-Choline, Rhodiola |
| Brain Repair & Maintenance | Acetyl-L-Carnitine, Aniracetam, CDP-Choline, DHA, Phosphatidylserine, Rhodiola Rosea, Vinpocetine, Pine Bark Extract |
Total Brain Optimization
I have my favorite nootropics after 10-years of trial and error. And chances are that what works for me may work well for you too. The nootropics I’m talking about here are part of the stack I use every day.
You’ll notice in the categories above that some nootropics work in multiple areas of cognitive enhancement. The obvious benefit is fewer nootropics in a well-rounded stack.
And once you dive into the neuroscience behind each nootropic, you’ll find synergy on how many of these compounds work together. This extends to smaller doses of each for a bigger benefit.
Brain optimization comes with a lot of experimenting to find what works best. Trying different compounds, keeping a log of what works and how well, and a considerable investment.
Naturally, I’m on the lookout for how to save money without cutting corners. So once I’ve narrowed my stack choices, the search begins for a quality pre-made nootropic stack that will save me buying individual packs, tubs of powder or capsules.
Fortunately, I found the best pre-made nootropic stack in late 2015 which covered the bulk of the nootropics I’d selected for my stack. It’s called Mind Lab Pro®.
I’ll talk more about Mind Lab Pro in a few minutes and how it ties into my brain hacking goals. The company that makes MLP just recently introduced a new line of supplements called Performance Lab®. Offering even more options for brain optimization. More on that later as well.
Before I get into detail on how my stack works, here are what many neurohackers consider the best nootropics available today.
|
(MCT Oil) |
B-Complex |
7 Secrets to the Best Nootropic Stack
For a more detailed dive into how to build the best nootropic stack, check my other posts:
Beginners Guide to Nootropic Stacks
How to Create the Best Nootropic Stack
Here we’ll do a quick review on building a great nootropic stack.
- Define your goals – first you need to define exactly what you’re trying to achieve by using nootropics. It could be boosting memory, eliminating brain fog, tackling anxiety or depression, improving focus, or increasing energy & motivation. Use the first table in this post for ideas on how to define your goals.
- Natural vs racetams or combination – next you’ll want to decide if “all natural” nootropics are important to you. Or are you comfortable using semi-synthetic or purely synthetic compounds like the racetams. Either choice is fine.
The more we learn about some of nootropics that have been used for thousands of years for cognitive enhancement. The more we realize these natural compounds are often as good as or better than modern prescription medications.
- Listen to your body – as your nootropic journey progresses, you’ll find you are more in tune with your brain and how you feel than ever before. At times you’ll know within an hour of taking something of how well (or not) it’s working. Sometimes it may take days, or a couple of weeks, before you can decide if something is working as expected.
- Dosages are key – every nootropic listed here on Nootropics Expert has recommended dosages. These dosages are based on personal experience and clinical trials. Each compound has an u-shaped response curve. And synergy when taken with other nootropics in your stack. More is never better for the most part. And sometimes more can be downright dangerous.
As you gain experience, you’ll also come to realize that some pre-made nootropic stacks simply don’t make sense. Amounts are well below therapeutic doses to expect any reasonable kind of benefit.
- Simple is best – it’s wise to understand right from the start that sometimes all you need to boost your memory is a good Vitamin B-Complex. Or using 1000 mg of DHA. This approach is cheaper than trying out the latest racetam first. And you could surprise yourself.
- What is your risk level? – are you comfortable experimenting with compounds that have only been ‘officially’ tested on animals? Or most of the clinical trials are in Russian? How important is it to you to optimize your brain? Would you risk shortening your lifespan by a few years for optimized cognition now? Only you can decide.
- Flexibility – flexibility is key when experimenting with nootropics. Realize there will be times it will cost you $50 or $100 just to find out that one of the latest racetams doesn’t work for you. Or your favorite nootropic is suddenly no longer available. Or your favorite supplier has gone out of business.
And understand that no one is a master at the science and art of nootropics. Don’t believe anything I have to say. Find out for yourself if something is true. And change course when you need to if you want to achieve your neurohacking goals.
Next, we’ll take a closer look at each of the nootropics I recommend and use every day.
Best Nootropics Supplements
Each of the nootropics covered below contain links through to a complete and thorough report. When you click through to each individual nootropic supplement review you’ll find more detail on what it is, why we use it as a nootropic, how it feels, mechanism of action in the brain, side effects, forms available and recommended doses.
You’ll also notice in the table above and each nootropic listed below some are marked with an asterisk (*). This means it’s part of the Mind Lab Pro formula of two capsules per day.
Each of these nootropics are generally regarded as safe and non-toxic at recommended doses. Your mileage may vary. How you respond to each of these compounds depends on a host of variables including:
- Genetics
- Interactions with prescription meds
- Current state of health
So please click through to each nootropic and read the side effects, drug interactions and any other notes or warnings. But in general, these are among the safest cognitive enhancers we know of.
Read more about Nootropics Safety and Side Effects
ALCAR helps transport of fatty acids into mitochondria where they’re needed for energy metabolism.[i] Fueling your cells “power plants” can boost physical and mental energy.
ALCAR is a necessary ingredient for acetylcholine formation.[ii] Which boosts memory, mental alertness, and fluid thought.
The antioxidant properties of Acetyl-L-Carnitine provide neuroprotective qualities, boosts Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), and promotes cerebral blood circulation.
Aniracetam is one of the best nootropics available today. It’s well-known among experienced nootropics users for reducing anxiety, depression, fear and improving sociability.[iii] But it does so much more.
Aniracetam enhances your brain’s ability to repair damaged cell membranes. It desensitizes glutamate (AMPA) receptors in your brain.[iv] Which boosts neural signaling by increasing the effectiveness of glutamate. Resulting in better focus and concentration.
Aniracetam also improves memory and recall by releasing 200 – 300% more acetylcholine in the brain.[v] Which increases focus, and clarity of thought.
Bacopa Monnieri is one of the best nootropics for studying. Researchers at Banaras Hindu University in India showed Bacopa as effective for anxiety as the benzodiazepine drug lorazepam. Unlike benzodiazepines, Bacopa did not cause memory loss. But in fact, it boosted cognition.[vi]
Another study done in Portland Oregon demonstrated that 300 mg of Bacopa per day for 12 weeks:
- Improved word recall
- Increased attention
- Boosted memory
- Improved focus while learning
- Lowered anxiety and heart rate[vii]
A valuable addition to any great nootropic stack, CDP-Choline is a multitasker which improves cognition and brain function, improves focus and motivation, and reduces fatigue.
CDP-Choline aids in the synthesis of acetylcholine, and the release of dopamine.[viii] Both neurotransmitters involved in learning and memory.
CDP-Choline also helps in the repair of brain cell membranes. The cytidine in CDP-Choline converts to uridine in your body. And works as a bridge between choline and neuron membrane synthesis. Uridine is needed to synthesize phosphatidylcholine (PC) which is needed to repair damaged neuron membranes.[ix]
Choline is so vital to cognition and nerve function that, without it, we couldn’t move, think, sleep or remember anything. And one the best ways to provide your brain and body with the choline it needs is with CDP-Choline.
DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) is an omega-3 fatty acid. DHA is crucial for the healthy structure and function of your brain. Your brain is made up of 60% fat. And much of that fat is DHA.
DHA has the ability to turn on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Improving neuroplasticity leading to better learning and memory. And DHA acts as an anti-inflammatory by reducing the enzyme COX-2.
If you suffer from chronic depression, within a few weeks of adding DHA to your nootropic stack, you should feel the depression lift. Your cognition will be better. You’ll think clearer and quicker. Your memory and ability to learn will improve. And you’ll likely have more energy and motivation.
But it is very likely you won’t think to attribute these improvements to adding DHA to your stack. Something else will get the credit. 🙂
Lion’s Mane Mushroom is an ancient Chinese remedy for improving cognitive performance, and overall health.
In our modern world, Lion’s Mane makes it into some of the top nootropic stacks. Why?
Because Lion’s Mane stimulates enzyme production that releases Nerve Growth Factor (NGF).[x] It stimulates the repair and creation of neurons (neurogenesis). Boosting neurotransmitters and signaling that effects memory, learning, recall, and mood. And Lion’s Mane helps eliminate brain fog. Restoring memory and mental alertness. And lowers anxiety and depression symptoms.[xi]
Lion’s Mane is a great compliment to any nootropic stack including Aniracetam, CDP-Choline and DHA (Omega-3’s) for an immediate cognitive boost.
N-Acetyl L-Tyrosine produces the catecholamine-triad of neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine. As your dopamine levels increase, you’re better able to concentrate, organize your thoughts, and stay productive.
NALT can be an effective treatment for ADHD symptoms. NALT works in synergy with pharmaceutical drugs like Ritalin and Adderall by boosting extracellular levels of dopamine. Helping these drugs be more effective. And mitigating side effects like crashes when the drug wears off.
N-Acetyl L-Tyrosine also improves memory and cognition under acute stress.[xii] It helps improve decision making, ‘flow state’ and creativity, cognitive flexibility, and working memory.
NALT is a great addition to any nootropic stack, especially if you’re dealing with ADHD.
For more tips on how to deal with ADHD and ADD symptoms, see my post:
Best Nootropics for ADHD/ADD
Phosphatidylserine is a favorite nootropic because:
- PS helps the efficient transfer of proteins, enzymes, nutrients, oxygen and glucose into and out of each cell
- PS is involved in the formation and sending of signals within neurons
- PS promotes healthy nerve growth factor (NGF)
- PS supports the neurogenesis needed for long-term potentiation (LTP)
- PS is involved in building mitochondria which are the energy centers of each brain cell
Phosphatidylserine (PS) is arguably one of the most effective and important nootropics we have available today. It has a reputation for improving alertness, attention, cognition, memory, recall and mood.[xiii]
Pine Bark Extract is one of the best nootropics around but relatively unknown to the nootropic community. It’s a naturally derived standardized extract of French maritime pine bark.
Pine Bark Extract helps prevent decreases in dopamine, norepinephrine, and the glutathione (GSH) and GSH-disulphide reductase (GSSG-R) ratio. Neurotransmitter problems which contribute to hyperactivity in ADHD.[xiv]
Pine Bark Extract helps boost blood flow to and within your brain.[xv] By increasing nitric oxide which helps dilate blood vessels. And helping repair and maintain the health of the lining of blood vessels. Crucial to overall brain health, maintaining signaling pathways and leading to improved learning and memory.
And Pine Bark Extract prevents accumulation of oxidatively damaged proteins. And may reduce the risk of diseases like Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and Huntington’s.
Recommended dosage of Pine Bark Extract containing 95% proanthocyanidins is up to 100 mg 3-times per day.
In Russia, Rhodiola Rosea is widely used as a remedy for fatigue, poor concentration, and decreased memory. It’s also believed to make workers more productive.
This adaptogen helps reduce stress and fatigue, increase energy, alertness and stamina, while boosting mental performance under periods of chronic stress. Research shows Rhodiola Rosea can increase attention to detail-oriented tasks by improving concentration over a prolonged period. Making it one of the top nootropics for studying.
Rhodiola Rosea boosts mood by influencing serotonin and norepinephrine levels in your brain, and the feel-good opioids like beta-endorphins. It also helps in neurogenesis by repairing and growing new neurons. As well as activating the synthesis and re-synthesis of ATP, your body and brain cell’s main energy source.
One more reason to add Rhodiola to your nootropic stack – it helps reduce the inflammatory C-reactive protein. And salidroside, one of many components of this incredible herb, protects neurons from oxidative stress-induced cell death.
Sulbutiamine is one favorite nootropics in my stack. It’s a synthetic derivative of Vitamin B1 (thiamine). Two Vitamin B1 molecules joined together help thiamine more easily cross the blood-brain barrier.
Sulbutiamine is directly involved in the citric acid cycle that provides adenosine triphosphate (ATP) energy for your mitochondria. It has been shown to improve glutamatergic, cholinergic, and dopaminergic neurological transmissions. It may also increase the density of D1 dopamine receptors.[xvii]
Sulbutiamine also contributes to the production of the enzyme PDH which is essential in making the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
I love this nootropic because it boosts cognition, memory, decision-making, improves athletic performance, reduces chronic fatigue[xviii] and erectile dysfunction,[xix] and is one of the best antidepressants I’ve ever used.[xx]
L-Theanine is an amino acid which naturally occurs in green and oolong tea. Many consider it their favorite nootropic stack when combined with caffeine for the synergistic effect of lowering blood pressure, rejuvenate and relax, boost thinking ability, improve focus and change your mood.
This amazing amino acid:
- Boosts alpha brain waves (8-12Hz) promoting alert relaxation.[xxi]
- Increases GABA, serotonin and dopamine levels in your brain. Producing an energizing and calming effect. And improving cognition and memory.
- Is an antagonist of NMDA receptors and can inhibit synaptic release of glutamate. Protecting your brain from over-stimulation caused by glutamate, and possible glutamate toxicity.
- Boosts Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Nerve Growth Factor (NGF).[xxii]
Most neurohackers report a calming effect within 30 – 45 minutes of taking L-Theanine. Cognition gets a boost, and energy levels rise without the jitteriness caused by stimulants like caffeine. Some report L-Theanine has stopped their anxiety and panic attacks. (Just don’t combine it with anti-anxiety meds like Xanax).
Vinpocetine is often found in some of the premium nootropic stacks. This semi-synthetic derivative of the lesser periwinkle plant is known for increasing cerebral circulation, taming inflammation and oxidative stress, and boosting alertness, cognition, concentration, memory and mood.
Vinpocetine inhibits the enzyme PDE1 which boosts cerebral blood flow. It blocks the accumulation of sodium in neurons, reduces the toxic effects of oxidative stress, scavenges free radicals, and protects neurons from glutamate and NMDA toxicity.
And by inhibiting PDE1, Vinpocetine increases cAMP and cGMP.[xxiii] Boosting neuroplasticity which enhances cognition and memory.
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Vitamin B-Complex
The B-Vitamins that should be part of every nootropic stack include:
- Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) – needed to produce ATP for mitochondria
- Vitamin B3 (Niacin) – used in the synthesis of acetylcholine
- Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid) – needed to synthesize acetylcholine
- Vitamin B6 (P-5-P)* – required for the synthesis of dopamine, epinephrine, GABA, melatonin, norepinephrine, and serotonin[xxiv]
- Vitamin B8 (Inositol) – regulates cell volume, signaling pathways in brain cells, DNA repair, long-term potentiation, component of cell membranes, regulates cellular metabolism and cellular energy consumption
- Vitamin B9 (Folate)* – Involved in DNA and RNA synthesis, gene expression, amino acid synthesis, myelin synthesis and repair, and required for synthesis of dopamine, epinephrine and serotonin
- Vitamin B12 (Methylcobalamin)* – required for the synthesis of neurotransmitters dopamine, GABA, norepinephrine, and serotonin
You may not realize the full benefit of a nootropic stack containing CDP-Choline, Acetyl-L-Carnitine, any of the racetams, or any nootropic for that matter without adding a good quality B-Vitamin Complex. Possibly the most important and least expensive addition to your stack.
Check Your Oil
Some nootropic supplement labels recommend taking it with a meal. The implication behind this recommendation is that the nootropic is fat-soluble. And requires some fat for proper absorption and to increase bioavailability.
Each of the nootropics listed above have links through to a full review which includes information about solubility – fat or water soluble.
To be on the ‘safe side’, I take one tablespoon of organic unrefined coconut oil with my nootropic stack. This healthy oil provides the fat I need for better bioavailability. And I don’t have to worry about taking it with a meal.
Using coconut oil with my stack does not interfere with the water-soluble supplements either. It’s a win-win.
Clear Path to Improved Performance
I’ve tried a lot of different nootropic stacks in the last 10 years. But in late 2015, I finally found one high quality pre-made stack that covered all the bases. That stack is Mind Lab Pro.
I used MLP as the “base” for my personal nootropic stack throughout 2016 and 2017. And continue to use the same stack in 2018. It’s that good.
In fact, in 2017 Opti Nutra, the company that makes Mind Lab Pro upgraded their formula. Their B-Vitamins are now their own proprietary BioGenesis™ vitamins. ‘Nature-identical’ nutrients that your body recognize as food.
Then in 2018, Opti Nutra introduced an entire new supplement brand called Performance Lab®. The company recognized the demand for more choices when it comes to brain optimization. And the need to support the rest of your body.
Performance Lab offers the pre-formulated nootropic stacks Performance Lab Mind and Performance Lab Energy.
Their nootropic stacks are supported by the Performance Lab Whole-Food Multi containing nature-identical BioGenesis™ vitamins and minerals for whole-body performance. This multivitamin supplement works very well with Mind Lab Pro as well.
Performance Lab also offers supplement stacks for Vision, Sleep, a Prebiotic, Sports formulas, and a T-Booster for men.
So if you’re feeling frustrated in finding the ideal stack, my hope is this page provides the pointers you need to create your optimal nootropic stack.
My attitude on brain optimization is that “good enough” isn’t nearly good enough until I’m performing my best. In all areas of life.
The right combination of nootropics in the right amounts have helped me get to the point where I feel I’m performing better than ever.
Near the beginning of this page we identified the main points that lead to cognitive improvement; cognition, decision-making, focus, thinking, memory, anxiety, depression, energy, motivation, brain repair and maintenance.
What I love about the nootropics outlined on this page is that it covers each of those categories.
But to help you fine-tune your nootropic stack further. You may want to take a look at each of the following posts I wrote on individual areas of brain optimization.
Best Nootropics for Learning & Memory
Best Nootropics for Social Anxiety
Best Nootropics for Depression
Best Nootropics for Motivation
Best Nootropics for Hacking a Flow State
Psychobiotics: The Gut-Brain Connection
[i] Berg J.M., Tymoczko J.L., Stryer L. Biochemistry. 5th edition. New York: W H Freeman; 2002. (source)
[ii] White H.L., Scates P.W. “Acetyl-L-carnitine as a precursor of acetylcholine.” Neurochemical Research 1990 Jun;15(6):597-601. (source)
[iii] Nakamura K. “Aniracetam: Its Novel Therapeutic Potential in Cerebral Dysfunctional Disorders Based on Recent Pharmacological Discoveries” CNS Drug Reviews 2002 Neva Press, Branford, Connecticut Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 70–89 (source)
[iv] Isaacson J.S., Nicoll R. A. “Aniracetam reduces glutamate receptor desensitization and slows the decay of fast excitatory synaptic currents in the hippocampus” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in the United States of America vol. 88, pp. 10936-10940, December 1991 (source)
[v] Zhao X., Kuryatov A., Lindstrom J.M., Yeh J.Z., Narahashi T. “Nootropic drug modulation of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in rat cortical neurons.” Molecular Pharmacology 2001 Apr;59(4):674-83. (source)
[vi] Bhattacharya S.K., Ghosal S. “Anxiolytic activity of a standardized extract of Bacopa monniera: an experimental study.” Phytomedicine. 1998 Apr;5(2):77-82 (source)
[vii] Calabrese N.D., Gregory W.L., Leo M., Kraemer D., Bone K., Oken B. “Effects of a Standardized Bacopa monnieri Extract on Cognitive Performance, Anxiety, and Depression in the Elderly: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial” Journal of Alternative and Complimentary Medicine 2008 Jul; 14(6): 707–713. (source)
[viii] Adibhatla R.M., Hatcher J.F., Dempsey R.J. “Citicoline: neuroprotective mechanisms in cerebral ischemia.” Journal of Neurochemistry 2002 Jan;80(1):12-23 (source)
[ix] Wang L., Pooler A.M., Albrecht M.A., Wurtman R.J. “Dietary uridine-5′-monophosphate supplementation increases potassium-evoked dopamine release and promotes neurite outgrowth in aged rats.” Journal of Molecular Neuroscience 2005;27(1):137-45. (source)
[x] Lai P.L., Naidu M., Sabaratnam V., Wong K.H., David R.P., Kuppusamy U.R., Abdullah N., Malek S.N. “Neurotrophic properties of the Lion’s mane medicinal mushroom, Hericium erinaceus (Higher Basidiomycetes) from Malaysia.” International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms. 2013;15(6):539-54. (source)
[xi] Nagano M., Shimizu K., Kondo R., Hayashi C., Sato D., Kitagawa K., Ohnuki K. “Reduction of depression and anxiety by 4 weeks Hericium erinaceus intake.” Biomedical Research. 2010 Aug;31(4):231-7. (source)
[xii] Coull N.A., Watkins S.L., Aldous J.W., Warren L.K., Chrismas B.C., Dascombe B., Mauger A.R., Abt G., Taylor L. “Effect of tyrosine ingestion on cognitive and physical performance utilising an intermittent soccer performance test (iSPT) in a warm environment.”European Journal of Applied Physiology. 2015 Feb;115(2):373-86. (source)
[xiii] Crook T.H., Tinklenberg J., Yesavage J., Petrie W., Nunzi M.G., Massari D.C. “Effects of phosphatidylserine in age-associated memory impairment.” Neurology 1991 May;41(5):644-9. (source)
[xiv] Dvoráková M., Jezová D., Blazícek P., Trebatická J., Skodácek I., Suba J., Iveta W., Rohdewald P., Duracková Z. “Urinary catecholamines in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): modulation by a polyphenolic extract from pine bark (pycnogenol).” Nutritional Neuroscience 2007 Jun-Aug; 10(3-4):151-7. (source)
[xv] Nishioka K., Hidaka T., Nakamura S., Umemura T., Jitsuiki D., Soga J., Goto C., Chayama K., Yoshizumi M., Higashi Y. “Pycnogenol, French maritime pine bark extract, augments endothelium-dependent vasodilation in humans.” Hypertension Research. 2007 Sep;30(9):775-80. (source)
[xvii] Ollat H., Laurent B., Bakchine S., Michel B.F., Touchon J., Dubois B. “[Effects of the association of sulbutiamine with an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor in early stage and moderate Alzheimer disease]”. L’Encephale2007 Mar-Apr;33(2):211-5.
[xviii] Tiev K.P., Cabane J., Imbert J.C. “[Treatment of chronic postinfectious fatigue: randomized double-blind study of two doses of sulbutiamine (400-600 mg/day) versus placebo].” La Revue de Medicine Interne 1999 Oct;20(10):912-8. (source)
[xix] Dmitriev D.G., Gamidov S.I., Permiakova O.V. “[Clinical efficacy of the drug enerion in the treatment of patients with psychogenic (functional) erectile dysfunction].” Urology 2005 Jan-Feb;(1):32-5. (source)
[xx] Benton D., Griffiths R., Haller J. “Thiamine supplementation mood and cognitive functioning.” Psychopharmacology 1997 Jan;129(1):66-71. (source)
[xxi] Mason R. “200 mg of Zen” Alternative and Complementary Therapies. July 2004, 7(2): 91-95. (source)
[xxii] Yamada T., Terashima T., Wada K., Ueda S., Ito M., Okubo T., Juneja L.R., Yokogoshi H. “Theanine, r-glutamylethylamide, increases neurotransmission concentrations and neurotrophin mRNA levels in the brain during lactation.” Life Sciences. 2007 Sep 29;81(16):1247-55. (source)
[xxiii] Beavo J.A. “Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases: functional implications of multiple isoforms.” Physiological Revues. 1995 Oct;75(4):725-48. (source)
[xxiv] Clayton P.T. “B6-responsive disorders: a model of vitamin dependency.” Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease. 2006 Apr-Jun;29(2-3):317-26. (source)
Firstly, thank you for a wonderfully informative website.
Regarding taking Nootropics with coconut oil. I am a big fan of coconut oil, but I was under the impression that amino acids like L-Tyrosine needed to be taken on an empty stomach. Wouldn’t coconut oil inhibit the absorption of L-Tyrosine, DMAE, Ginkgo Biloba, and Acetyl-l-Carnitine, all of which need to be taken on an empty stomach? How exactly does coconut oil improve the absorption of the above, if it in fact does do so?
Thanks.
George, thanks for the compliment on the website. Much appreciated. I need to dig into the science deeper. But it seems to me there would be more competition between amino acids than a problem with using coconut oil. Worth looking into and I will. I take all my supplements together because it would complicate my day too much to have 6 – 8 dosing sessions instead of 4. And the amounts I take seem to make up for any possible mistakes in dosing.
Have you tried Qualia yet? If so what do you think? Is it worth the high price?
Kim, I have not tried Qualia yet but intend to do a comprehensive review of their stack within the next few months. Simply looking at their ingredient list I think “qualifies” the price. I do think the name “Qualia” is a little pretentious. Keep an eye out for my review and let me know if you’ve tried it. And what you think.
Thank you for all the great information on your website. I am finishing withdrawal from 20 years of klonopin use. I’m suffering from severe insomnia and anxiety as a result of damaged gaba receptors from the meds . Do you had any recommendations on supplements would help speed up the repair of the gaba receptors? I’m taking Holy Basil and about 1500 mg of GABA to sleep but it’s not helping much. I’m also concerned that the GABA will a slow down the healing.
Thank you!
Laura, as you likely know there are entire forums dedicated to recovering from benzo use. There’s no easy answer. And for most people, it takes 18 – 24 months for your brain to recover from the use of these drugs. First thing I’d suggest is stop using GABA for a couple reasons. First, it does not easily cross the blood-brain barrier. Second, if it does cross, you’re adding more stress to the GABA receptors that are left.
The key I think is to do what you can to encourage the growth of new receptors. Check out this post I just wrote about brain aging, and review the section on synapses here > https://nootropicsexpert.com/best-nootropics-for-the-aging-brain/#synapses-and-brain-aging. Ashwagandha stimulates neurogenesis and helps reconstruct synapses > https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15711595.
I’d also suggest taking a look at Artichoke Extract and Forskolin together to encourage cAMP and CREB for the same reason. But please see the individual review of those nootropics for tips on dosing and how to use them.
You also may want to boost Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) which is a protein used for neurogenesis > https://nootropicsexpert.com/13-nootropics-to-boost-bdnf/. Just make sure that if you choose a nootropic from the list on that page that it doesn’t also boost GABA. You don’t want to aggravate anything at this stage in your brain.
For anxiety, please read this post for ideas > https://nootropicsexpert.com/best-nootropics-for-social-anxiety/. Focus on serotonin and dopamine. Balance is the key.
For sleep, I use about 4 oz. of tart cherry juice, 400 mg of high absorption, chelated magnesium and 3 mg of melatonin. Works as good as taking an Ambien. Dosing on melatonin is very much up to how you react to it. If you feel hungover the next morning, you’re using too much. If you can’t get to sleep, you’re likely not using enough.
Read through those articles and start experimenting. I think you’ll be amazed at the results. It just takes time and patience.
Hi. I am looking at MLP ingredients. Pterostilbene* , and Vinpocetine*are not on their list.
John, Opti Nutra recently updated the formula for Mind Lab Pro. And I have yet to update my Mind Lab Pro review to reflect these changes.
Pterostilbene and Vinpocetine was replaced with Pine Bark Extract which does the job of both nootropics. It’s a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. And it increases cerebral blood flow.
And they added Vitamin B9 (folate) which together with B6 and B12 are needed for neurotransmitter synthesis. And to keep homocysteine in check.
This updated formula was a smart move in my opinion. And works even better than before.
Hello David – Thank you for all of the great information! I am 52 years old, and was recently diagnosed with ADD. I wish that I was aware of this a lot earlier in life, but “better late than never”. I feel like a kid in a candy store when reading about all of the different nootropics. I want to try them all : ) I recently purchased the following:
* Daily Multivitamin (NOW Foods – Adam)
* Omega 3 Fish Oil – DHA/EPA (Dr. Tobias Omega 3 Fish Oil Triple Strength) – starting with 300 mg DHA/day
* Vitamin B-Complex (Jarrow B-Right)
* Magnesium Glycinate (Dr’s Best) – 200 mg/day
* Acetyl-l-Carnitine (NOW Foods) – 500 mg/day
* Bacopa Monnieri (Himalaya Organic) – 750 mg/day
* Berberine (We Like Vitamins) 450 mg/day
* CDP Choline (Jarrow) 250 mg/day
* Curcumin w/piperine (NatureWise) 825 mg/day
* Lion’s mane (Relentless) 750 mg/day
* N-Acetyl-l-tyrosine (Jarrow) 350 mg/day
* Phosphatidylserine (Dr’s Best) 100 mg/day
* Pterostilbene (Jarrow) 50 mg/day
* Pine bark extract **not Pycnogenol** (NOW Foods) 240 mg/day
I’ve only started taking the multi vitamin, fish oil, B-complex, magnesium, CDP Choline, and Berberine at the lowest dosages, which are listed. I have a few questions:
* Do I have too much duplication?
* If so, which would you recommend eliminating?
* Are there any nootropics in the list that you would replace with something not listed?
* Are the manufacturers, that I listed, reliable?
I know a lot depends on each individual, but any feedback would be greatly appreciated.
Thanks again for your outstanding web site and God bless you!
Troy,
Looks like you have a good stack with reputable manufacturers. There is a bit of ‘overlap’ in there that can’t be avoided. So not to worry. But I do suggest you follow the dosage recommendations here on Nootropics Expert for each of those nootropics. And here’s why…
For example, there is some dispute on how well Berberine is absorbed and used by your body. If you closely look at the review on this site, you’ll notice that it’s suggested you take it with a tablespoon of coconut oil. And studies with animals show that Berberine could cause DNA damage promoting tumor growth. This DNA damage can be avoided by using Milk Thistle with Berberine. The radical-scavenging and antioxidant properties of the compound silymarin in Milk Thistle appears to counteract this effect.
It’s all in the Berberine review. But easy to miss if you’re scanning the post. So you’re definitely on the right track here. But please spend some time and carefully review each article on each of the supplements in your stack. And watch out for something you may have missed.
And BTW, the dosage recommendations here on Nootropics Expert are often different than what you’ll see on the supplement bottle or package. The dosage recommendations on this site are based on clinical studies and user reviews and feedback.
As for supplement manufacturers, the best thing to do is research each one. Find out what kind of testing they do. How they verify this testing. And what customers say about them on places like Amazon and other forums.
David – Thanks for the quick response. I’m glad you mentioned the Milk Thistle, that is good to know. Keep up the great work!
Is memantine a true nootropic?
For those unfamiliar with memantine, it’s a drug first synthesized by Eli Lilly in 1968 as a potential drug to treat diabetes. It has since been primarily prescribed to treat Alzheimer’s for those who do not respond well to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.
Memantine is an antagonist of NMDA receptors, serotonin receptors, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and dopamine D2 receptors.
A “true nootropic” is described as:
– Enhances memory and the ability to learn
– Assists brain function under disruptive conditions such as lack of oxygen and electroconvulsive shock
– Protects the brain from chemical and physical toxins like anticholinergic drugs and barbiturates
– Increases natural cognitive processes
– Must be non-toxic to humans, nor stimulate or depress the brain
Given that definition of a “true nootropic”, memantine only qualifies for 2 out of 5 which would disqualify it as a true nootropic. And it does come with several side effects including cough, fever, chest pain, confusion, hallucinations, loss of coordination, seizures and others.
But some neurohackers find that memantine helps memory, concentration, ADHD symptoms, OCD, mania and libido. So the jury is out. A nootropic fundamentalist would not classify memantine as a nootropic. But it may qualify as a “cognitive enhancer” for some.
I noticed in all categories you recommend CDP Choline and not Alpha GPC. Is is because it’s similar and it doesn’t matter which one you take? Or is CDP Choline just better?
Michael, not sure where your got that from and would appreciate if you’d let me know. For most of the reviews where I talk about the nootropic (i.e. racetams) needing a choline supplement to work better, I suggest Alpha GPC or CDP Choline.
Some prefer Alpha GPC (I do) and some prefer CDP Choline. One is not better than the other. They are just different. But both are precursors to the synthesis of acetylcholine.
Each of the choline supplements I’ve reviewed has a section that explains how each works in your brain > https://nootropicsexpert.com/alpha-gpc/#alpha-gpc-vs-cdp-choline-vs-choline-bitartrate-whats-the-difference
Hey David, thank you for the answer. That’s what I thought.
I referred just to this article (“Best nootropics 2017”) – the table of 5 categories and recommended nootropics at the top of the page. Alpha GPC doesn’t appear once. I was just curious why.
Thanks for your research, it’s really helpful.
Michael, I had to make some choices when writing this article. Because of all the nootropics reviewed here on Nootropics Expert there of course are others that can help everything from anxiety to Alzheimer’s. In this case it was a judgement call on selecting a nootropic that can help boost acetylcholine. I could have just as easily switched CDP Choline for Alpha GPC. I didn’t include both because I thought it would just confuse people. I hope that explanation helps.
I had taken finasteride for hairloss for about a year and have developed all kinds of side effects. The cognitive ones are worst like brain fog and anhedonia. Some users have said its due to greatly reduced neurosteroid expression. Any advice on this?
Ashley, finasteride prevents the conversion of testosterone to DHT. High levels of DHT have been implicated in hair loss. But more recent research shows that DHT alone may not be the culprit.
When you start messing with your body’s hormones all kinds of nasty things can happen. Including brain fog, memory loss, anxiety, depression, inability to experience pleasure and more. Most do not realize that most of these hormones that we associate with things like sex are also “neurosteroids” or neurohormones. “Neuro” means they work in the brain too. Maybe I’ll write an article in 2018 about hormones and brain function.
When you suppress these hormones it also suppresses things like GABA in your brain. See this review to see how critical optimal GABA levels are: https://nootropicsexpert.com/gaba/
As long as you continue to use finasteride you will be dealing with these issues. Unfortunately, studies have shown they often do not normalize once you stop. No one knows if it’s permanent. But one thing we do know for sure is while you are using finasteride, GABA is suppressed. If you try using nootropics to boost GABA, it will continue to suppress this neurotransmitter. Until you stop using finasteride.
If you have stopped and are looking for a way to repair things I recommend using the search function (top right) for things like “brain fog”, “alertness”, “concentration”, “focus”, etc. and see what turns up that can help. For now, focus on the basics like the B-Vitamins, lithium, magnesium, zinc, DHA, etc. Once you see if those help then move on to other nootropics to refine your stack.
Hi David, I like your site. I follow Jerry Brainum and am adding you to the list. Quick question, if I take a flax or fish oil capsule would that be enough fat or would I still need some coconut oil, when taking a nootropic stack? Thanks!
Wayne, my feeling is unless you take a larger quantity of flax of fish oil than what people normally use. And to be on the safe side, I’d still use unrefined coconut oil.
I use both unrefined coconut oil (4 tablespoons) and 1000 mg of DHA every day and it works for me. Coconut oil or MCT oil have their own substantial nootropic value. I dose coconut oil (1 tablespoon) each time I take my stack. Or 4-times per day.
Thank you, I will continue with the coconut oil. I have only been taking a simple cafeine and L-thienine stack in the mornings so far. I probably should try more throuout the day as I do run out of steam. Actually I have been flip flopping with either a stack or some pre-workout before the gym, on gym days. On non gym days its the n stack. I appriciate your reply very much!
Hey David,
I was wondering if you have had any experience with Qualia by Neuro Hacker Collective? If so how do you compare it to Mind Lab Pro as a base?
Keiran, I tried Qualia for a week with good results. I’ll have a full review of Qualia sometime in the next few weeks.
My husband has Alzheimer’s since 2005, he is still presently on 10mg namenda 2x daily he was taken off Aricept a few years ago because he had a seizure & has been on keppra since. Although, 2x that he has had the brain test he showed no siezure activity, in all these years !I’m not asking for Doctor type medical opinions, they get their answers from scientists as well,
I have been reading about Lions Mane Mushroom powder or capsules ans am interested in knowing if it would help in any way
Gloria, Lion’s Mane may help and is worth trying. I am not aware of any contraindications with the two pharmaceuticals your husband is using.
I also suggest you try doing a search of Nootropics Expert using the search function top right for the keyword “amyloid”. That search will return several reviews and posts on nootropics that have research behind them for Alzheimer’s.
For example, Methylene Blue (https://nootropicsexpert.com/methylene-blue/#methylene-blue-resists-alzheimers-disease) has been found to help those with Alzheimer’s after they have been diagnosed. Which is highly unusual for any compound. You should also look at Coconut Oil, Lithium Orotate, Berberine and others for potential nootropics to try.
But always, always use caution before trying anything. Look at dosage instructions, side effects and then check to see if that nootropic has any contraindications with any of the other drugs your husband is using. One database I find helpful is here > https://www.drugs.com/drug_interactions.html
Hi I have cerebral palsy I was wondering if you could recommend a mineral tack for me to help promote cerebral blood flow or muscle relaxation or just beneficial in general ? (Like Acetyl-l-carne, magnesium or DHA) if you could email me any help would be great. Thanks
Dave, Cat’s Claw, Ginkgo Biloba, Pine Bark Extract and Zinc all promote blood flow. Vinpocetine is especially helpful for promoting blood flow in the brain. ALCAR may be a good option for your condition. But I’m not an expert in anything but the brain. So for muscle relaxation I suggest you use the search function top right for keywords like “physical energy” and “mitochondria”. Anything that promotes physical energy and mitochondria should provide some benefit.
Best information I’ve seen regarding brain function! I fit every description of brain fog especially memory and inability to process information and to think. I did try Aderall from a co-worker and boy was that amazing!! I felt like my brain woke up for the first time in years and I could think again!! I did suffer from pseudotumor cerebri with my last pregnancy and I lost some peripheral vision due to the overabundance and pressure of spinal brain fluid in my cerebral.My fear is that the overall long-term effect may worsen my brain condition and I am very afraid of Alzheimer’s as I already have such a horrible memory. I also forget to take pills so a long list of pills would not do me justice. Could you recommend something that has all of it rolled into one?
Natalie, the big pharmaceuticals companies have done an admiral job of conditioning us to think that one pill can cure all. Turns out life is not like that and our bodies were not designed like that. The key to success using nootropic supplements is putting together a stack of supplements that work in synergy to fix whatever needs fixing.
Spend more time reading Nootropics Expert and you’ll begin to understand what I mead by the above statement. If you felt like the lights suddenly came on in your brain after using Adderall it is very likely that you are ADD or ADHD. And you need to find a doc who will work with you to manage those symptoms. With the right ADHD med and a nootropic stack like this one > https://nootropicsexpert.com/best-nootropics-for-adhd-add/ …
You will find that your brain fog could magically disappear. And within a few months you’ll notice your memory starting to come back.
Please use the search function top right for things like “brain fog” or “ADHD” and see what turns up. And click the “Blog” menu button up top for a list of all the posts I’ve written so far for helping everything from anxiety to depression to memory to OCD and PTSD.
I have 100ml of lugose iodine 25 % Should it be diluted to 7% and how would I do this?
Paul, I’ve never come across Lugol’s 25%. And I’ve always been bad with math. So can’t help you directly with your question. However, this is the official Lugol’s site with dosage and dilution information > http://www.lugols.com/calculating.html
Hi David,
Firstly, I wanted to Thank you for the wonderful information on the website. Am 38 yrs Old male and am a Hypothyroid for over 4 years now. I take levothyroxine 88 mcg everyday on an empty stomach. I wanted to try MindLabPro as I have issues with memory, recall, focus, diversions, social anxiety, unable to communicate freely and searching for the words while talking and sometimes use wrong words instead of right words that is mainly due to recall issues, learning and processing issues. I have never tried any Nootropics til date but want to try now to see if it can help address all of the above or atleast majority of them. I also started taking extra virgin Coconut Oil and Omega 3 fish supplements. Would you think I should stack MindLabPro with any other Nootropic supplements ? OR would you think I should start off with MindLabPro and see how it works on me? I kinda have a feeling that my brain needs actual repair and I just wonder what nootropic supplement can do that repair. Please share your thoughts.
Thank you,
Suneel
Suneel, try Mind Lab Pro for a week or two and see if it’s enough. You should see some improvement. And go from there …
Read my posts on vitamins and minerals and find a high quality multivitamin. Add magnesium, zinc and possibly selenium (depending on how much is in your multi). You can do all this while using Mind Lab Pro.
After a couple of weeks take a look at nootropics that help generate brain repair. Lion’s Mane is good. Aniracetam and Alpha GPC or CDP-Choline are also good. Also, see my post on Nootropics for Traumatic Brain Injury because it applies to most of us one way or another. You can find the full list of posts by hitting the “Blog” button up in the main menu.
Final bit of advice is to follow dosage instructions for each nootropic you try by using the “dosage notes” in each review here on Nootropics Expert.
David,
I don’t know if you have ever covered this topic but I have Tinnitus from a loud noise at work. I’ve had it for over two years now and I know there is no cure. I’ve been to many ENT’s and Doctors and most of them want me to go on antidepressants, Effexor is what they have been recommending. I’ve been trying CBD Oils, Lipoflavanoids for the B Vitamins and GABA Calm Mind by Source Naturals, I’m 60 years old and don’t take any medicines for anything but I’ve been thinking about the antidepressants but the side effects scare me. I would like something to at least change my perception of this nasty symptom, the constant ringing can drive a person insane. Is there anything you could recommend that could help? Thanks…..
Kirk, I understand what you are dealing with because I’ve been dealing with tinnitus all my adult life. And it likely started with damage to my ears during my rock and roll days on stage. And standing in front of giant speakers for hours at a time.
But the tinnitus isn’t as bad now. Unfortunately, I cannot pinpoint exactly what I’ve done to help tame the problem. I take a lot of supplements and something in my stack has helped.
I’m not a doctor and cannot provide medical advice. But antidepressants scare the crap out of me. So I refuse to take them. Because the science shows they don’t work for most people. Do far more damage than good. And once you get started on them it’s more difficult to get off them than opiates.
Do some research on the “causes of tinnitus”. You’ll likely find it’s damage to parts of your brain related to hearing. Repairing those parts is key. So do a search using the function top right on Nootropics Expert for “tinnitus” and see what turns up. Also search for nootropics that help boost BDNF and “nerve growth factor”.
And start experimenting with one or two at a time. I wish I could be more specific but no one has found a “cure” for this issue. We’re on our own here. If you find something that works please let us know.
David,
Thanks for the reply, I know about the Rock and Roll days as I use to work shows and I also stood right next to the Marshall Amps that were sitting right on the stage. I remember getting Tinnitus after those shows but it would go away in a day or two but I guess being 60 I’m just not that lucky anymore. I will keep looking for an answer. Thanks again…
Hey, I am a rock singer and I have had tinnitus for decades. It’s perpetual but it’s also so perceptual. I know it is annoying but accepting the sound and disregarding it takes time but I can tell you that I still have it and notice it if I stop and listen but basically it does not bother me at all unless I start obsessing. Hope it all goes great for you!
Thomas, I started my career as a rock singer and songwriter and still deal with tinnitus. Likely because of the giant Marshall speakers that lined the stage behind me.
But it’s not nearly as bad as it used to me. I’m convinced that’s due to something in my nootropic stack but can’t tell you exactly which one.
My research has found that some get relief from tinnitus using Vitamin B6, Iodine, Picamilon and Ginkgo Biloba. Let us know if any of those work for you.
Hi David,
First, thank you so much for all the information. I’ve read your text and just bought your book, look forward to the read.
I have been prescribed Adderall for 6 years now and I’ve been dealing with all the adverse effects, brain fog, coming down, needing more…I decided to no longer get the prescription and I’m going to look into the best nootropic stack for me.
Question, do you know if the brain is repairable if there’s damage done from Adderall usage?
And, do you think that taking nootropics long term will cause the brain and body to become dependent on it? Meaning, 30 years from now if I don’t take the stack anymore, will I be going backwards? On the other side of that, if I take the stack for the next 30 years, will there be adverse effects that you know of?
Shaun, before you abandon Adderall please read my post on ADHD here: https://nootropicsexpert.com/best-nootropics-for-adhd-add/
You can potentiate the effects of Adderall while protecting your brain. Using that stack including the ingredients in Mind Lab Pro will help your brain repair itself. And make the prescription stimulant work better. Because you’ll be providing your brain with the fuel and neurotransmitters it needs.
Long-term usage of nootropics will not cause dependence and the beautiful thing is when you stop using them you do not slide back to square one. However, you do get accustomed to a better functioning brain. When you stop nootropics it’ll feel like something is missing. You won’t regress to where you started but you’ll know you are not functioning at your peak like you were when using nootropics.
The majority of natural nootropic supplements reviewed here on Nootropics Expert can be used for life with no adverse effects. Just please read the full review of each supplement you are going try to determine which are safe for long term use.
Thank you.
Hi David, Re reading this article I noticed that piracetam is not on any of the lists, is there a reason for that as I thought piracetam was one of the nootropic staples?
Thanks
Paul, I had to make a decision on which racetam to put on this list. I’ve had the most benefit using Aniracetam which is the reason why I included it. Piracetam is absolutely one of the staples. I just didn’t want include both and confuse people. And many neurohackers would say several other racetams are much more potent and more effective than Piracetam. So it would not be possible for me to please everyone with this list. Purely my opinion based on my experience.
No worries, thanks for the reply. 🙂
Hi David,
Thank you so much for creating this website and including all of the research about Nootropics. I’m new to this and have been researching for about a month. My main issues are depression/anxiety, terrible memory, lack of motivation/energy, and brain fog. Most times I am unable to think of words to complete a sentence. My father just passed away from Alzheimer’s and I want to avoid that if at all possible. Would you mind looking over my stack and let me know if I need to cut anything out or add?
I always take the following with a tablespoon of coconut oil and a meal.
Alpha GPC – 300 mg – breakfast & lunch
Vitamin E – 180 mg – lunch
Vitamin D3 – 2000 iu – breakfast & lunch
Sulbutiamine – 200 mg – breakfast & lunch
DHA – 1200 mg – breakfast & lunch
ALCAR – 750 mg – lunch
Aniracetam – 750 mg – breakfast & lunch
B-complex – lunch
MindLab Pro – 1 at breakfast & lunch
Ester-C – 1000 mg. at breakfast
Vinpocetine – 10mg breakfast & lunch
At bedtime I’m taking Magnesium L-Threonate, Magnesium Oxide, and .25 mg Xanax (slowly weaning myself off, almost there!).
I’m finding that something in the stack may be causing depression in the mornings when I wake. Also, irritability (moderate to severe) and a detached feeling during the day. I do, however, find that my thinking is quicker, the brain fog is lifted and my memory is much better. Since I’m taking these to help with my depression, it’s extremely frustrating for them to be making it worse. Would you mind helping me?
I would appreciate any input you might have.
Thank you,
Leah
Leah, the nootropic stack you are currently using looks very much like mine. And your statement “my thinking is quicker, the brain fog is lifted and my memory is much better” mirrors my experience.
What form of Vitamin E are you using? And what exactly is in your B-Complex supplement?
I’ve looked through each of the nootropics on your list and the thing that jumps out is Xanax. A lot of research over the last couple of decades shows that this benzo is likely the most difficult drug in this class of meds to discontinue. And from what I’ve read is likely the cause of depression in the mornings, irritability, and the detached feeling.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5846112/
and https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0887617703000969
The 2nd study is particularly disheartening because the researchers say, “the reviewed data did not support full restitution of function, at least in the first 6 months following “cessation” and suggest that there may be some permanent deficits or deficits that take longer than 6 months to completely recover.”
It’s one of the reasons why I decided to create Nootropics Expert. Because there must be a better way to cope with anxiety and depression that is safer, as or more effective and with less side effects.
I’m not a doctor so please do your own research and do not take what I say as medical advice. But know that there is hope if you continue your recovery and keep on using the nootropics in your stack. You are helping your brain to heal including some of the ingredients in Mind Lab Pro.
You may want to add a couple more nootropics to support “BDNF” and “nerve growth factor”. Do a search of Nootropics Expert for those keywords and see what resonates that you may want to try.
Thank you so much for your reply!
My Vitamin E source is Spring Valley. The ingredients state it’s “dl-Alpha Tocopheryl Acetate”. Do I need to change it?
Also, I’m taking Jarrow Formula “B-Right Optimized B-Complex”.
It contains:
Vitamin B1 (as Thiamin Mononitrate) 25mg
Vitamin B2 (as Riboflavin) 25mg
Niacin (as Nicontinic Acid) 25mg
Vitamin B6 (as Pyridoxine HCI) 25mg
Vitamin B6 (as Pyridoxal 5-Phosphate) 10mg
Folate (as Quatrefolic (6S)-5-Methyltetrahodrofolic Acid Glucosamine Salt) 400 mcg DFE
Vitamin B12 (as Methylcobalamin) 100mcg
Biotin 300 mcg
Vitamin B5 (as Calcium D-Pantothenate)100mcg
Choline (as Choline Bitartrate) 50mg
Pantethine (Vitamin B5 Derivative)25 mg
Inositol 50mg
I had been taking .25 to .50 mg of Xanax at night to help with sleep for about 5-6 months. For the past few weeks I have been cutting it down, and I’m down to .125 the past few nights and seem to be handling that well. Hopefully by next week I’ll be completely off of it without any withdrawal.
Thank you for your suggestions, I’ll look at those today to see what I can find for BDNF and nerve growth factor.
One more quick question, could any of these in the stack cause bloating? I feel very “fat” since I’ve been taking them.
Have a great day,
Leah
Leah, the form of Vitamin E you are using is synthetic. Anytime you see “dl” on the label (instead of a “d”) you know it’s synthetic. Find a Vitamin E supplement with mixed Tocopherols & Tocotrienols as that is how it’s found in nature. And the forms your body recognizes.
Your B-Complex is good because it contains all forms that your body recognizes as food. You may want to check out individual B-Vitamin reviews here on Nootropics Expert and look at dosages for each. It may inspire you to find a similar B-Complex supplement with higher dosages.
I’m not aware of anything here that would cause “bloating”. Your perception of fatness could be a side effect of tapering off of Xanax. That is purely speculation on my part but cannot think of another reason.
After receiving your reply/suggestions, I’ve been looking this morning and have found a few things of interest.
I found Naturelo One Daily Multivitamin for Women, would you recommend this multivitamin? It contains Vitamin E sourced from Organic Rice Bran. Would this be a sufficient amount per day so I wouldn’t need to get a separate Vitamin E supplement? And if not, do you have a brand you can recommend? I’ve been reading your blog regarding multivitamins and had no idea how important they are.
I’m also switching to Life Extensions B-Complex after reading a reply you gave regarding what you take. (that has been very helpful as well)
I looked at the BDNF information and found Ashwagandha or L-Theanine may be the ticket. However, MindLab Pro contains L-Theanine and might be too much if I supplement with it. Thoughts?
Also, I’d like to pick your brain a little on the Lithium Orotate. Would you suggest this for me since I’m dealing with depression and anxiety? Would this be bad to take while I’m weaning off the Xanax?
I apologize for taking up so much of your time, I’m just bound and determined to feel better, as I just can’t continue on as I have.
Thanks again!! This should do it on the questions, hopefully I haven’t worn you out. 🙂
Hi David,
I replied earlier, but it must have gone into the abyss. I’ll summarize my reply so I don’t take up much more of your time.
Do you have a vitamin E source to recommend? I’m going to start taking Naturelo One Daily Multivitamin. It has vitamin E in it, but not sure if it’s enough.
Also, looking at Ashwagandha or L-Theanine for the BDNF that you mentioned… and am also curious about Lithium Orotate for my depression and anxiety. I do take the Mind Lab Pro and it contains L-Theanine, not sure it’s enough either.
Can’t wait to feel better!
Leah, Naturelo uses a natural source of Vitamin E but it’s likely not enough in your case. Take a look or search for “mixed Tocopherols & Tocotrienols” or something similar. I know Life Extension makes one.
You can use both Ashwagandha and extra L-Theanine. Also look into Lemon Balm. Everyone’s body and brain is different so what may work for me may not work as well for you. Trial and error is key until you find the ideal combination that works for you.
And Lithium Orotate only supplies a 5 mg dose of elemental lithium so it should be OK. It’s amazingly powerful even at the at low dose and works fast.
Hey, I have Akathisia. I am looking for ways to regrow Dopamine receptors in the striatum and decrease Acetylcholine in the striatum. It is tricky to figure out how to balance receptors exactly, even if one knows how to affect them. Do you have any recommendations for how to achieve this?
Matthias, one study found that patients with Akathisia found relief with Vitamin B6: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15554771
I’m not aware of anything that specifically targets the striatum. But Aniracetam and Vitamin B8 (Inositol) increases the density of dopamine receptors. And Forskolin, Lemon Balm, and Huperzine-A all inhibit acetylcholinesterase which increases acetylcholine in the brain.
Hi, I want to get advice because you know well about nootropics.
Actually I am korean, of course south. so not many people know about nootropic in here in korea. So I have to read articles about nootropics in english. and your article make me understand about nootropic well. thanks for sharing this precious information.
i didn’t know very well about supplements before. but nowadays I was quite insecure. seriously. i have a chance to know about L – theanine. and after consuming this, my mood became way better. so i thought i cant live without L – theanine.
And I have to pass the exam and this makes me stressed out and insecure. People around me said that you are too emotional, weak.
I know that but I cant handle it. the most stressful thing is that I am NOT the smart. society is very competitive and there are always smarter people. this makes me doing even work- out. And I couldn`t rest. So I searched information, and i bought some like PS, Alpha gpc, DMAE, and i am waiting Ginkgo biloba.
I want to be more productive and i want to deal with this stressful situation. Could you please give advice for me? thanks for reading this!
Joyce, one thing I’ve learned is there is always going to be someone smarter than me. So don’t be so hard on your self. You are already taking steps to help improve your memory and anxiety levels. With a little more work you’ll be well on your way to feeling much better.
Please see this post I did on learning and memory here: https://nootropicsexpert.com/best-nootropics-for-learning-and-memory/. I realize English is not your first language but hopefully my writing is clear enough. Once you read that post a couple of times you should be able to understand what I’m referring to next …
You are already taking nootropic supplements to help Glial cells and your hippocampus which both affect memory. You may also want to try Ashwagandha and DHA for dendrite health which will help memory formation. You can try PQQ and CoQ10 for more energy and to improve your mood. And please start using a high quality B-Complex vitamin supplement that contains doses higher than the RDA recommended dosage. And make sure it contains folate (and NOT folic acid) as well as methylcobalamin (and NOT cyanocobalamin).
Keep on experimenting by adding one or two supplements at a time and see how you do. If you don’t notice any change within 3 – 4 days of using the supplement then try something else.
Hi David
I’ve tried Mind Lab and Alpha Brain and feel I had the better results from Alpha Brain. If I was looking to take it the next level would multi stacking be an issue? As I fancy giving all stacks a go with the exception. of Anxiety and depression.
Also are you aware any side effects if occasionally used with weed?
Cheers
Mark
Mark, good to hear you found a stack that works for you. No problem stacking other nootropics with Alpha Brain or Mind Lab Pro. Just pay attention to dosage recommendations.
Hii david i am 23 year old guy from india experiencing depression and anxiety since 1 and half years !
Actually everything is fine,my depression is 80% ok by pills
( paroaxetine ) anxiety is in controlled by ( propanol 20 mg and 0.25 mg etizolam )
I am at the edge of my career growth and the only problem i facing is ( mental fatigue ) or brain fog and due to this i cant work for long hours in computer and due to this my job life is affecting badly !
I am not in job since 1 year
Please suggest me best natural nootropics to cure mental fatigue !
Waiting for your reply
Dennis, the antidepressant and antianxiety medications you are using could be causing mental fatigue. Paroxetine for example appears to be anticholinergic. If it is then it means that your brain isn’t getting enough acetylcholine for brain signaling. You could try countering it with something like Alpha GPC or CDP-Choline. But it’s like trying to plug a leaky bucket. You keep on putting water in but some of it keeps leaking out.
It is unlikely that natural nootropics can successfully treat mental fatigue when competing with such strong pharmaceuticals.
Hi David,
I am interested trying sulbutiamine and rhodiola to try to get myself more motivated and get out of the house without feeling anxious. I have terrible social anxiety and read that sulbutiamine may help, as well as the rhodiola. I am currently on Effexor XR 112.5 mg daily, lithium orotate 240 mg daily, vitamin A 10,000 IU, vitamin D, magnesium 400 mg and zinc. I find nootropics very intriguing, but am hesitant because I am on the Effexor. Do you have any thoughts on whether it would be worth trying the sulbutiamine and/or rhodiola with the Effexor?
Kelly, Effexor (Venlafaxine) is a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). So as long as you are using that drug you need to avoid any nootropic supplement that boosts serotonin, dopamine or norepinephrine. Otherwise you’re setting yourself up for Serotonin Syndrome or a heart attack. Rhodiola Rosea is NOT a good idea in this case.
Sulbutiamine does not directly affect serotonin and should be OK.
Please study this post on anxiety and choose nootropics that are not contraindicated with SSRI’s or MAOI’s: https://nootropicsexpert.com/best-nootropics-for-social-anxiety/
Thank you for your kind advice. I will reread the link you shared. I have a good amount of brain fog and inability to focus, which is probably why I did not absorb the material well. I probably should invest some time and look for something to address that problem too. Again, thanks! 🙂
Hello,
I have been struggling with muscle fatigue and brain fog since I had my second child three years ago. I used to work out at a moderate intensity twice a week with no negative consequences. After my second child, a brisk walk will aggravate the fatigue and fog to an almost unbearable level. In an effort to figure out what was happening, I was diagnosed with chronic thyroiditis. I take a very low dose medication for this and it helps in general but if I do any physical activity I am barely able to function for a few days. After my third child, I continued to struggle with this but also struggled with depression. I had not struggled with depression with my previous two children. My third child was born about a year ago and the depression has been slowly diminishing.
My husband and I have been cleaning up our diet for the past three years and it is, in my opinion, pretty clean. Lots of fruits and vegetables, transitioning to grass fed meats (not exclusively but working towards that goal). The only thing that jumps out to me is that I drink almond milk and I am not sure how good that actually is.
All this background to ask what you nootropics you would recommend. My thoughts are a Vitamin B-Complex but I have no idea what I am looking for. I am comparing dosage recommendations on your site to products I find but cannot seem to find a fit. Is a B-complex a good place to start? Do you recommend a specific B-complex product?
Thank you,
CB
A B-Complex is a good start. Take a look at Life Extension’s BioActive Complete B-Complex which has higher dosages than most and is nature-identical to what your body needs (https://amzn.to/2OtXbWl).
Then search Nootropics Expert for nootropics that reduce fatigue and brain fog. Too many to list here but an easy way to start is trying a pre-made nootropic stack for energy like this one: https://nootropicsexpert.com/performance-lab-energy-review/. Take a look at the review for each ingredient listed in that stack so you understand how and why it works.
Brain fog could be caused by any number of things. Try a search here for “brain fog” and see what turns up. Another quick option to try is by the same company and it’s called Mind: https://nootropicsexpert.com/performance-lab-mind-review/. Again, look at the review for each ingredient listed in that stack so you understand how and why it works.
One other thing… if you are dealing with Hashimoto’s, until you get your thyroid hormones and adrenals under control, you’ll continue struggling with fatigue and brain fog. Regardless of what nootropics you try using.
I know this from personal experience. A book I highly recommend and used as my ‘bible’ to help bring me back from the brink was Jamie Bowthorpe’s “Stop the Thyroid Madness” (https://amzn.to/2Ke01vz).
Where do you purchase there products?
Peggy, go to the section in this post called “Clear Path to Improved Performance” and there are links to reviews which include links to Mind Lab Pro and the Performance Lab products.
Or you can get each nootropic as a separate supplement. I’m in the USA so I get some of my nootropics from Amazon or Nootropics Depot. I don’t know which country you are in so cannot provide more specific advice.
As it turns out, I take about 2/3rds of everything you take. Haven’t had a chance to look up everything yet. One stand out is that I use 3 cc’s of D-aspartic acid in the AM and have done so for over 5 years. D-aspartic acid (D-AA) is an amino acid regulator of testosterone synthesis and acts on the stimulatory receptor (NMDA). D-AA aids in male fertility. D-AA has an affinity for the Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Ant.& Post. Pituitary, Pineal Gland, and the Testicles. It increases the strength of signaling from the brain’s center to the pituitary and the signaling from the pituitary to the endocrine system, particularly the testicles. Suggest you check it out. Examine.com says D-AA “may” do this or that but after over 5 years experience, it does help male fertility and virility. I’m 70 years old. I mow (push mower), shovel snow, run daily, bike, yoga and calisthenics, and lift weights in the winter when its hard to get outside. I’m a big supplement fan and take most of your stack. BTW, for top quality phosphadytlserine you should try herring in a wine sauce. It has very high p-serine in it. I use Bacoma, Vinpocetine, Huperzine, Theanine, Tyrosine, GABA, ALCAR, Ornithine, Arginine, Citrulline, Lysine, Glutamine, BCAA, Boron, Beta Alanine, Trimethylglycine, Creatine, Tumeric, Ginger, MilkThistle, Dandelion, Fenugreek, and about two dozen others. My pulse is high 30’s when fully rested, 40’s during training season. Check out D-AA. Be careful not to overuse or it will give you a whopping headache right behind your eyes due to overstimulation. It may get you completely off Ritalin and other stimulates.
Poppy, I’ve been using 1600 mg of D-Aspartic Acid Calcium Chelate which is part of the formula for Prime Male (https://www.primemale.com/). I haven’t mentioned it here because Nootropics Expert is focused on brain health and optimization.
But you raise a good point and something that I’ve on my list to write is a post about hormones and brain health. I’ve been putting it off because it’s about 2-weeks worth of research to write that post. So thanks for the reminder. 🙂
Why is Huperzine-A not mentioned in your stack?
Jamie, because Huperzine-A needs to be cycled. It’s half-life is reported to be up to 24 hours. So you can’t take it every day. Otherwise it’ll build up in your system to toxic levels.
Greetings David,
I was taking 200mcg for 4 days straight before discontinuing my usage of Huperzine-A. I’m panicking slightly because in this forum it states after the overload of acetylcholine your brain will then create less..
https://www.longecity.org/forum/topic/69385-huperzine-a-everyday/
Thanks for getting back to me
Jamie, 4-days is not long enough to do any permanent damage. The human brain has the amazingly ability to heal itself. Look up the side effects of too much acetylcholine. And if you’re not feeling those side effects there’s nothing to worry about.
Hi David,
Thanks again for another very informative video.
My question is, do you recomend taking a B complex combination or consuming each B vitamin individually as a separate supplement therefore having control of the doses required for the specific goal.
Thank you.
Michael, great question and it depends …
If someone is dealing with symptoms associated with a deficiency in a particular B-Vitamin then I’d supplement with a B-Complex and add a higher dosage of that single vitamin.
But most of us can get what we need with a high quality, nature-identical, and relatively high potency B-Complex vitamin. Keep in mind that B-Vitamins are primarily water-soluble so we excrete extra daily in our urine. So we need to supplement every day. But certain B-Vitamins can be dangerous if high doses are used long-term (i.e. B6 or B12 and the wrong kind of niacin).
Thanks for putting me at ease David. What also put me at ease was finding out caffeine is a acetylcholinesterase inhibitor aswell. Understandably Huperzine-A may be a little more potent but both Huperzine-A and caffeine are reversible, non competitive acetylcholinesterase inhibitors so the feeling should not be completely alien to my brain.
Hi David
What if I took 1500 mg of nicotinic acid and 1500mg to 3000 mg of IH or what would the best combination be for a male 49 and 250lb? and what would be the maximum allowable dose of IH daily
I like to do Dr. Yu’s detox protocol on a daily basis which calls for nicotinic acid. Plus I could use some cholesterol improvement.
My wife and daughter started on nicotinic acid a few days ago and progressed to 750mg and 500mg dose respectively and still no flush is that normal?
I progressed to 750mg dose but experienced the flush from 250mg.
Since Niacin is a precursor to NMN is there a way to find out how much Niacin would equal say a 100mg dose of NMN?
Thanks for sharing the knowledge.
Xunda, Inositol hexanicotinate (IH) according to the studies is safe at any dose unlike other forms of niacin. And there is no “recommended” dose in general for body size or weight. It all depends on what your goals are.
Flushing is experienced at varying dosages from person to person. I experience flushing with just 50 mg of standard niacin. Flushing seems to reduce as tolerance builds to this nootropic. And some other compounds like aspirin also counter the flushing effect. So it could be aspirin or another supplement that has the same mechanism of action that reduces flushing in your wife and daughter. Or, they’ve simply built a tolerance to this effect.
What is NMN?
Nicotinamide mononucleotide is Nicotinamide riboside minus the phosphate it’s faster to act and arguably more efficient as NR has to lose the phosphate to enter the cell, NMN is also a precursor to NR.
It showed to be superior on mice trials but no comprehensive human trials yet.
It’s what David Sinclair takes even though He also praises NR.
Is a 1500mg dose of nicotinic acid safe?
My goals are:
Increase NAD+
Detox
Improve cholesterol
Fat loss
Xunda, nicotinic acid has been shown to toxic to the liver in doses over 1500 mg. All indications are that 1500 mg or less are safe for long-term use.
Hello David
I need advice on supplements …I have a Cavernoma which means I musn’t take blood thinning medications supplements etc..a Cavernoma being an abnormal structure in a blood vessel in the brain…and can bleed so we do not need to give it any help!
Can you advice what I could and shouldnt take…is Mind Lab Pro Ok to use for example. ? My Goal is anti inflammatory, more energy, focus and less anxiety and depression. Many thanks
jon D
Jon, check the “side effects” section of each individual nootropic in any stack or nootropic you are considering. You would not be able to use Mind Lab Pro for example because Pine Bark Extract “may increase bleeding if you are dealing with a bleeding disorder”.
You have many other options for dealing with inflammation, energy, focus, anxiety and depression with dozens of options on Nootropics Expert. Just check the “side effects” section of each one you find before trying it.
Hi,
May I ask why Noopept isn’t being mentioned in this article? I can’t find it in this list, even though you’ve only written good things about Noopept.
Greetings,
Marcel
Marcel, I do like Noopept and have had some success with it. But didn’t include it in this “Best Nootropics” post for a couple of reasons. My intention is to keep this list as ‘natural’ as possible so that anyone could get the nootropics on this list anywhere in the world. We have readers from literally all over the planet. And Noopept is just no available in many countries.
The same could be said for Aniracetam and Vinpocetine as well. But they are more well-known in the community and I think available in more countries than Noopept.
David,
Thanks for your report on the importance of Iodine. Very comprehensive. Interesting that you recommend Lugols over Nascent iodine.
I’m using Lugols 5% solution, one drop a day.
Please advise how many drops equal 25mg so I can adjust accordingly.
Also I have been putting the drop under my tongue for better absorption, rather than swallowing it. Is this recommended?
Thanks,
Dick
Dick, I’d stay with one drop of Lugol’s 5% solution per day based on the manufacturer’s recommendation here: https://www.jcrowsmarketplace.com/faq.aspx. Actually, they suggest only dosing twice per week.
I came across conflicting information on dosage as I was researching this review. 25 mg would be 4 drops of Lugol’s. But they are saying to dose lower and based on body weight and if you are guarding against “sickness” in your area (gotta’ love these old timers).
I suggest that we’re constantly guarding against a load of toxins from our environment and food. So dosing a little higher to be on the safe side without overdoing it.
I don’t think taking it sublingually would help absorption. Because iodine is fat-soluble so needs to be taken with a meal or a healthy fat like unrefined coconut oil.
Hey David, thank u for the great updated list and as always it’s fantastic, I have one question about the b vitamins, how to take them and which brand should I use, now I bought life extension brand which if I remember well you recommended it to me before but I noticed in it’s label that the doses of every vitamin exceeds the 100% value needed by the body a day adn some of them is as high as 5000%dv so I was wondering is it dangerous to take that huge amount of these vitamins or what exactly, cause I already started taking it for 3 days now and I just wanna stop the worrying in my head that it may give some complications, I would really appreciate your thoughts on this, thank u again
Rashed, it’s good that you are cautious about dosages. In this case the forms that Life Extension uses are not toxic to the body even at high dosages. But the other thing is ignore “recommended daily intake” as proposed by the “authorities”. Their dosage recommendations are only if you want to barely maintain life. And don’t care about how you feel. The dosage recommendations here on Nootropics Expert are based on clinical trials and real-world user experience.
Thank u so much for your reply, one more thing, I know that b vitamins are water soluble so I try to take 2 hours after breakfast, my question is is that good or is it ok if I take with food, also I really want to know your opinion about multivitamins, are they any good or they’re just waste of money,? Thank u again David
Rashed, it’s OK to take the B-Vitamins at any time. It’s nootropics like amino acids that are a concern because they compete for the same transporters as the amino acids you get from food.
Please see my post on selecting a multivitamin here: https://nootropicsexpert.com/how-to-select-the-best-multivitamin-for-brain-function/. After reading that post I think you’ll begin to see that it’s impossible for us to get all the vitamins and minerals that our body and brain need from food. The only way to ensure our bodies are getting optimal nutrition these days is to start with a quality multivitamin.
I’ve been using the Performance Lab Whole-food Multi for men (https://nootropicsexpert.com/performance-lab-whole-food-multi-review/) for a few months and notice a real difference in how I feel. Even more so that with my previous multivitamin that I had been using for years.
Hi,
Thank you for all the information that you provide. I have a question about Aniracetam vs Oxiracetam. Do you find that Aniracetam works better than Oxiracetam?
Your clarification is greatly appreciated.
Charlotte, it depends on what your goals are. The two have very different mechanisms of action in your brain. I prefer Aniracetam because of its antidepressant effects. Some prefer Oxiracetam because of its stimulant effects and ability to improve cognition.
Thanks very much for your quick response and clarification. I’m older and looking to improve cognition and memory. Because Oxiracetam was not listed in your “Best Nootropics 2018” column, I was concerned that it may not be as effective as Aniracetam. But I see in my case, Oxiracetam would better fit my needs.
The help you provide is invaluable! Best Regards!
Hi David. Great information.
I read the article on what you take as your own personal stack. My stack is very similar, however I’ve only been on Nootropics for 2 months. I’m still experimenting on what works best form me.
Can you elaborate on how you take your own personal stack. Do you take all of your nootropics stack at the same time or scattered through the course of the day, or in certain combinations at a time? On an empty stomach or with food? Do you cycle some of them? Do you prefer capsules, powder or sublingual? etc.
Your advise is greatly appreciated!!
Michael, I take my the main nootropics in my stack in the morning and at noon. With a “smaller” stack around 4 pm to prevent a stimulant crash. My final stack is used specifically for sleep about 90 minutes before bed.
I use primarily capsules and if it’s a powder I make my own capsules.
The only thing that works better sublingually are my thyroid meds, low-dose 5-HTP as needed and occasionally a small nicotine lozenge.
The only nootropic in my stack that requires cycling is DMAE. I skip Sat. and Sun. when using DMAE.
What is your opinion on EGCG and green tea extract? What is the safe dosage?
Venu, there is no “safe dosage” that I’m aware of for green tea extract. All the studies I’ve reviewed refer to and use L-Theanine or conventionally-steeped green tea > https://nootropicsexpert.com/l-theanine/