My newsletter subscribers frequently ask me what the most effective nootropics are for _________. Fill in the blank with your choice for decision-making, memory, focus, learning, anxiety, depression, energy, motivation, age-related cognitive decline, or simply cognitive function in general.
You get the idea. There are so many things that can go wrong with the human brain. And a group of neurohackers will offer a variety of opinions on the best solution for each thing.
But take a step back and you notice something. People generally sort their brain hacking goals into a few well-defined categories. Then look for the best nootropic to address each one.
Another thing we learn quickly is that there is no ‘one-pill’ solution for cognitive optimization. We need to shift our thinking from traditional medicine to natural substances and natural ingredients. And it often takes a ‘stack’ of several supplements to get to where we want to go.
And our categories and list look something like this…
Best Nootropics for … Recommended nootropics Processing speed, Decision-Making, Focus, Flow, & Thinking Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALCAR), Aniracetam, Caffeine, CDP-Choline, Lion’s Mane Mushroom, NALT, B-Complex Learning & Memory Aniracetam, Bacopa Monnieri, CDP-Choline, DHA, L-Theanine, Phosphatidylserine (PS), Pine Bark Extract Anxiety & Depression Aniracetam, CDP-Choline, Bacopa Monnieri, L-Theanine, Rhodiola Rosea, Sulbutiamine, B-Complex Energy & Motivation Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALCAR), Alpha Lipoic Acid, Caffeine, CDP-Choline, Rhodiola, CoQ10, PQQ Brain Repair & Maintenance Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALCAR), Aniracetam, Caffeine, CDP-Choline, DHA, Phosphatidylserine (PS), Vinpocetine, Rhodiola Rosea, Pine Bark Extract
Table of Contents
Total Brain Optimization
I have a couple of new favorite nootropics this year after 14-years of trial and error. And chances are that what works for me may work well for you too. The nootropics I’m talking about here are what I use every day.
You’ll notice in the categories above that some of the most popular nootropics work in multiple areas of cognitive function. This means fewer nootropics in a well-rounded stack.
And once you dive into the neuroscience and active ingredients behind each nootropic, you’ll find synergy with how many of these nootropic ingredients work together for cognitive enhancement. This may result in smaller doses of each to get the nootropic benefits.
Cognitive enhancement success comes with a lot of experimenting to find what works best. Trying different natural nootropics, keeping a log of what works and how well, and a considerable investment.
Naturally, I’m on the lookout for how to save money without cutting corners. So once I’ve narrowed my stack choices, the search begins for quality pre-made nootropic stacks that will save me buying individual nootropics.
Fortunately, I found what is in my opinion the best pre-made nootropic stack in late 2015. Which uses most of the nootropics I’d selected for my stack. All packed into 2-daily capsules in a natural nootropic stack called Mind Lab Pro®.
I’ll talk more about Mind Lab Pro® in a few minutes and how it ties into my brain hacking goals.
The company that makes MLP also produces a line of dietary supplements called Performance Lab®. Offering even more nootropic formulas for brain optimization. More on that later as well.
Before I go into detail how my stack works, here are what many of our fellow biohackers worldwide consider the best nootropics available in 2021.
Acetyl-L-Carnitine | Aniracetam |
Bacopa Monnieri | B-Complex |
CDP-Choline | Coconut & MCT Oil |
Caffeine | DHA |
Lion’s Mane Mushroom | Quercetin |
L-Theanine | N-Acetyl L-Tyrosine (NALT) |
Phosphatidylserine (PS) | Pine Bark Extract |
Rhodiola Rosea | Sulbutiamine |
Vinpocetine |
|
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7 Secrets to the Best Nootropic Stack
To learn more about what goes into designing a personal nootropic stack, check my other posts:
Beginners Guide to Nootropic Stacks
How to Create the Best Nootropic Stack
Here we’ll do a quick review on some simple steps you can follow for building a great nootropic stack.
- Define your goals – it is critically important to define exactly what you’re trying to achieve by using nootropics.
It could be boosting learning & memory, eliminating brain fog, tackling anxiety or depression, improving focus, or increasing energy & motivation. You can use the first table in this post for ideas on how to define your goals. 
Natural vs racetams or a combination – next decide if “all natural” nootropics are important to you. Or are you comfortable using Synthetic Nootropics like the racetams. Either choice is fine because both have tons of clinical studies backing their use. And they work!
But the more we learn about the nootropics that have been used for thousands of years for cognitive enhancement and preventing cognitive decline. The more we realize that natural compounds are often as good as or better than some modern synthetics or prescription meds.- Listen to your body – as you gain more experience with nootropics, you’ll find you are more in tune with your brain & body and how you feel, than ever before.
At times you’ll know within an hour of taking something how well (or not) it’s working. Sometimes it may take days, or a couple of weeks, before you can decide if something is working as you thought it would. - Dosages are key – every nootropic reviewed here on Nootropics Expert® includes recommended dosages. Dosage recommendations that are based on personal experience and clinical studies.
Each nootropic has a u-shaped response curve. And synergy when taken with other nootropics in your stack. More is never better. And too much of one nootropic can be dangerous.
As you gain experience, you’ll also come to realize that some pre-made nootropic stacks simply don’t make sense. Because the amount of certain key ingredients are well below therapeutic doses to provide a benefit you can feel. - Simple is best – it’s wise to understand right from the start that sometimes all you need to boost your short-term memory are the B-Complex Vitamins. Or using 1,000 mg of DHA. This approach is cheaper than trying out the latest racetam first. And you may surprise yourself.
- What is your risk level? – are you comfortable experimenting with compounds that have only been ‘officially’ tested on animals? Or most of the scientific studies on that brain supplement are in Russian?
How important is it to you to optimize your brain? Would you risk shortening your lifespan by a few years for optimized cognition now? While it’s highly unlikely, this is something only you can decide. - Flexibility – flexibility is key when experimenting with nootropics. Realize there will be times it may cost $50 or $100 just to find out that something doesn’t work for you. Or your favorite nootropic is suddenly no longer available. Or your favorite supplier has gone out of business. Especially relevant in this world-wide pandemic.
Understand that no one is a master of the art and science of nootropics. Don’t believe anything I have to say, or what you read on other websites. Find out for yourself if the promised cognitive benefits are true. And change course when you need to if you want to achieve your neurohacking goals.
Next, we’ll take a closer look at each of the nootropics recommend above and that I use every day.
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Best Nootropic Supplements
Each of the nootropics covered below links through to a complete review. When you click through to each individual nootropic supplement review you’ll find more detail on what it is, why we use it, how it feels, its mechanism of action in your brain, side effects, forms available or types to buy, and dosage recommendations.
You’ll also notice in the table above and each nootropic listed below that many of these ingredients are conveniently encapsulated in the Mind Lab Pro® formula of two capsules per day. Or in Performance Lab® Mind, or Performance Lab® Stim.
Each of these nootropics are generally regarded as safe and non-toxic at the recommended dose. But your mileage may vary. How you respond to each of these nootropic substances depends on a host of variables including:
- Genetics
- Interactions with prescription meds
- Current state of health
So please click through to each nootropic and read the side effects, prescription drug interactions and any other notes or warnings. But in general, these are among the safest cognitive enhancement supplements we know of.
Read more about Nootropics Safety and Side Effects
ALCAR helps transport fatty acids into mitochondria where they’re needed for energy metabolism.[i] Fueling your cells “power plants” can boost physical and mental energy.
ALCAR is a necessary cofactor for acetylcholine synthesis.[ii] Which boosts memory, mental alertness, and fluid thought.
The antioxidant properties of Acetyl-L-Carnitine provide neuroprotective qualities, boosts Brain-Derived Nerve Growth Factor (BDNF) and promotes cerebral blood circulation.
Aniracetam is one of my favorite nootropics. It’s well-known among experienced nootropics users for reducing anxiety, depression, fear and improving sociability.[iii] But it does so much more.
Aniracetam nootropic properties enhances your brain’s ability to repair damaged cell membranes. It desensitizes glutamate (AMPA) receptors in your brain.[iv] Which boosts neural signaling by increasing the effectiveness of glutamate. Resulting in better focus and concentration.
Aniracetam also improves memory and recall by releasing 200 – 300% more acetylcholine in your brain.[v] Which increases focus, and clarity of thought.
And I’ve found that the combo of Aniracetam and Sulbutiamine is better than any antidepressant I’ve even tried.
Bacopa Monnieri has been used in Ayurvedic medicine for thousands of years, and is one of the best nootropics for studying. Researchers at Banaras Hindu University in India showed Bacopa as effective for anxiety as the benzodiazepine drug lorazepam. And unlike benzodiazepines, the herbal extract from Bacopa did not cause memory loss. In fact, it boosted mental function.[vi]
Another study conducted in Portland Oregon demonstrated that 300 mg of Bacopa Monnieri per day for 12 weeks:
- Improved word recall
- Increased attention
- Enhanced processing speed
- Boosted memory
- Improved focus while learning
- Lowered anxiety and heart rate[vii]
Caffeine, one of the active compounds found in a cup of coffee is an adenosine antagonist which helps prevent you from getting sleepy. And in turn influences acetylcholine, epinephrine (adrenaline), serotonin and boosts the use of dopamine. Providing the stimulant effect experienced when consuming caffeine.[viii]
Caffeine assists in the gene expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) which boosts neurogenesis.
And caffeine increases the density of GABA receptors, potentiates dopamine, and causes some serotonin receptors to be more responsive. Which in turn improves mood within an hour of consumption.[ix]
A valuable addition to any potent nootropic stack, the cholinergic compound CDP-Choline is a multitasker which boosts cognition, mental processing and brain power, improves focus and motivation, and reduces fatigue.
CDP-Choline aids in the synthesis of acetylcholine, and the release of dopamine.[x] Both brain chemicals involved in learning and memory.
CDP-Choline also helps repair brain cell membranes. The cytidine in CDP-Choline converts to uridine in your body. And works as a bridge between choline and neuron membrane synthesis. Uridine is needed to synthesize phosphatidylcholine (PC) which is needed to repair damaged neuron membranes.[xi]
Choline is so vital to cognition and nerve function that without it, we couldn’t move, think, sleep or remember anything. And one the best ways to provide your brain and body with the choline it needs is supplementing with CDP-Choline.
DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) is an omega-3 fatty acid. DHA is crucial for the healthy brain structure and function of your brain. Your brain is made up of 60% fat. And much of that fat is DHA.
DHA can turn on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Improving neuroplasticity leading to better learning and memory. And DHA acts as an anti-inflammatory by reducing the enzyme COX-2.
If you suffer from chronic depression, within a few weeks of adding DHA to your nootropic stack, you should feel the depression lift. Your cognition will be better. You’ll think clearer and quicker. Your memory and ability to learn will improve. And you’ll likely have more energy and motivation.
But it is very likely you won’t think to attribute these improvements to adding DHA to your nootropic stack. Something else will get the credit. 😊
The thing is you cannot get these benefits from fish oil or most Omega-3s on the market. Because the dosage of DHA is far too low. And purity is an issue. Best to get your DHA from the source. The same place fish and other marine life get their DHA. And that’s from algae.
The latest addition to my nootropic stack, and thousands in our community, is the Performance Lab® Omega-3. It provides 600 mg DHA and 300 mg EPA made from Algal Oil (from life’s™ Omega 60) in two NutriGels® vegan softgels.
Lion’s Mane Mushroom is well-known for it’s neuroprotective effects. It’s an ancient Chinese remedy and traditional medicine for improving cognitive performance, and overall health.
In our modern world, Lion’s Mane makes it into some of the best nootropic stacks. Why?
Because Lion’s Mane stimulates enzyme production that releases Nerve Growth Factor (NGF).[xii] It stimulates the repair and creation of neurons (neurogenesis). Boosting neurotransmitters and signaling that affects memory, learning, recall, and mood.
And Lion’s Mane helps eliminate brain fog. Restoring cognitive dysfunction, memory and mental alertness. And lowers anxiety and depression symptoms.[xiii]
Lion’s Mane is a great compliment to any nootropic stack including Aniracetam, CDP-Choline and DHA (Omega-3’s) for an immediate cognitive boost.
Quercetin is flavanol from the flavonoid group of polyphenols which are active compounds found in many plants.
As a nootropic, Quercetin boosts mitochondrial function needed for brain energy production, and decreases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production responsible for brain inflammation which improves learning and memory.
Quercetin has the unique ability to increase claudin-4 which seals Tight Junctions and healing a leaky gut or leaky blood-brain barrier.[xiv]
Quercetin made the Best Nootropics for 2021 list this year because this anti-inflammatory compound has recently been found to help reduce symptoms of COVID-19.
A Chinese study showed that Quercetin bound with the spike protein in the coronavirus, reducing its ability to infect cells.[xv]
Some of the most recent comments by Quercetin users report a significant reduction in COVID-19 symptoms.
Those infected with the virus reported using Quercetin with the essential vitamins Vitamin C, Vitamin D, and zinc. Their breathing was easier, and this combo helped them recover faster. And this is beginning to be backed by clinical studies as well.
N-Acetyl L-Tyrosine produces the catecholamine-triad of neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine. As your dopamine levels increase, you’re better able to concentrate, boost cognitive function, organize your thoughts, focus and stay productive.
NALT can be an effective treatment for ADHD symptoms. NALT works in synergy with smart drugs like Ritalin and Adderall by boosting extracellular levels of dopamine. Helping these drugs be more effective. And mitigating side effects like crashes when the smart drugs wear off.
N-Acetyl L-Tyrosine also improves memory and cognitive function under acute stress.[xvi] It helps improve decision-making, ‘flow state’ and creativity, cognitive flexibility, and working memory.
NALT is a great addition to any nootropic stack, especially if you’re dealing with ADHD or ADD.
For more tips on how to deal with ADHD and ADD symptoms, see my post:
Best Nootropics for ADHD/ADD
Phosphatidylserine is a powerful nootropic because:
- PS helps the efficient transfer of proteins, enzymes, nutrients, oxygen and glucose into and out of each cell
- PS is involved in the formation and sending of signals within neurons
- PS promotes healthy nerve growth factor (NGF)
- PS supports the neurogenesis needed for long-term potentiation (LTP)
- PS contributes to healthy mitochondria which are the energy centers of each brain cell
Phosphatidylserine (PS) is arguably one of the most effective and important nootropics we have available today. It has a reputation for improving alertness, attention, cognition, memory, recall and mood.[xvii]
Maritime Pine Bark Extract is one of the best nootropics around but relatively unknown to the nootropic community. It’s a naturally derived standardized herbal extract of French maritime pine bark.
Pine Bark Extract helps prevent decreases in dopamine, norepinephrine, and the glutathione (GSH) to GSH-disulphide reductase (GSSG-R) ratio. Neurotransmitter problems which contribute to hyperactivity in ADHD.[xviii]
Pine Bark Extract helps boost blood flow to and within your brain for better overall brain health.[xix] By increasing nitric oxide (NO) which helps dilate blood vessels. And helping repair and maintain the health of the lining of blood vessels. Crucial to overall brain health, maintaining signaling pathways and supporting improved learning and memory.
And Maritime Pine Bark Extract additional health benefits include preventing the accumulation of oxidatively damaged proteins. Which may reduce the risk of diseases like Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and Huntington’s.
In Russia, Rhodiola Rosea is widely used as a remedy for fatigue, poor concentration, and decreased memory. It’s also believed to make workers more productive.
As one of the best nootropics around, this adaptogen helps reduce stress and fatigue, increase energy, alertness and stamina, while boosting mental performance under periods of chronic stress.
Research shows Rhodiola Rosea can increase attention to detail-oriented tasks by improving concentration over a prolonged period. Making it one of the best nootropics for studying.
Rhodiola Rosea boosts mood by influencing serotonin and norepinephrine levels in your brain, and the feel-good opioids like beta-endorphins. Its powerful neuroprotective effects also include supporting neurogenesis by repairing and growing new neurons. As well as activating the synthesis and re-synthesis of ATP, your body and brain cell’s main energy source.
One more reason to add Rhodiola Rosea plant extracts to your nootropic stack – it helps reduce the inflammatory C-reactive protein. And salidroside, one of many components of this incredible herb, protects neurons from oxidative stress-induced cell death.
Sulbutiamine is one of the best nootropics in my stack. It’s a synthetic derivative of Vitamin B1 (thiamine). Two Vitamin B1 molecules joined together helps thiamine more easily cross the blood-brain barrier.
Sulbutiamine is directly involved in the citric acid cycle that helps produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) within your mitochondria. It has been shown to improve glutamatergic, cholinergic, and dopaminergic neurological transmissions. It may also increase the density of D1 dopamine receptors.[xx]
Sulbutiamine also contributes to the production of the enzyme PDH which is essential for the synthesis of acetylcholine.
I love this nootropic because it boosts cognition, memory, decision-making, improves athletic performance, reduces chronic fatigue[xxi] and erectile dysfunction,[xxii] and is one of the best antidepressants I’ve ever used.[xxiii]
L-Theanine is an amino acid and one of the main natural substances you get from green and oolong tea. Many consider it the best nootropic when combined with caffeine for the synergistic effect of lowering blood pressure, rejuvenate and relax, boost thinking ability, improve focus and change your mood.
This amazing amino acid:
- Boosts alpha waves (8-12Hz) promoting alert relaxation.[xxiv]
- Increases GABA, serotonin and dopamine levels in your brain. Producing an energizing and calming effect helping you go into flow. And improving cognition and memory.
- It is an antagonist of NMDA receptors and can inhibit synaptic release of glutamate. Protecting your brain from over-stimulation caused by glutamate, and possible glutamate toxicity.
- Boosts the neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine, and GABA in your brain. As well as increasing Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Nerve Growth Factor (NGF).[xxv]
Most neurohackers report a calming effect within 30 – 45 minutes of taking L-Theanine. Cognition gets a boost, and energy levels rise without the jitteriness and adverse effects caused by stimulants like caffeine.
Some report L-Theanine has stopped their anxiety and panic attacks.
Vinpocetine is a semi-synthetic derivative of the lesser periwinkle plant which is known for increasing cerebral circulation, taming inflammation and oxidative stress, and the nootropic benefits of boosting alertness, cognition, concentration, memory and mood.
Vinpocetine inhibits the enzyme PDE1 which boosts cerebral blood flow. It blocks the accumulation of sodium in neurons, reduces the toxic effects of oxidative stress, scavenges free radicals, and protects neurons from glutamate and NMDA toxicity.
And by inhibiting PDE1, Vinpocetine increases cAMP and cGMP.[xxvi] Boosting neuroplasticity which enhances cognition and memory.
- Vitamin B-Complex
The B-Vitamins are essential vitamins that should be part of every nootropic stack include:
- Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) – needed to produce ATP within mitochondria and is a cofactor in acetylcholine synthesis
- Vitamin B3 (Niacin) – used in the synthesis of acetylcholine
- Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid) – needed to make acetylcholine
- Vitamin B6 (P-5-P) – required for the synthesis of dopamine, epinephrine, GABA, melatonin, norepinephrine, and serotonin[xxvii]
- Vitamin B8 (Inositol) – regulates cell volume, signaling pathways in brain cells, DNA repair, long-term potentiation, component of cell membranes, regulates cellular metabolism and cellular energy consumption
- Vitamin B9 (Folate) – Vitamin B9 is involved in DNA and RNA synthesis, gene expression, amino acid synthesis, myelin synthesis and repair, and required for synthesis of dopamine, epinephrine and serotonin
- Vitamin B12 (Methylcobalamin) – Vitamin B12 is required for the synthesis of neurotransmitters dopamine, GABA, norepinephrine, and serotonin
You may not realize the full benefit of a nootropic stack containing CDP-Choline, Acetyl-L-Carnitine, any of the racetams, or any nootropic for that matter without adding a high quality, bioactive B-Vitamin Complex. These essential vitamins are possibly the most important and least expensive addition to your stack.
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Check Your Oil
Some nootropic supplement labels recommend taking it with a meal. The implication behind this recommendation is that the nootropic is fat-soluble. And requires some fat for proper absorption and to increase bioavailability.
Each of the nootropics listed above have links through to a full review which includes information about solubility – fat or water soluble.
To be on the ‘safe side’, I take one tablespoon of organic Performance Lab® MCT oil with my nootropic stack. But you can also use unrefined coconut oil as well.
This healthy oil provides the fat I need for better absorption of fat-soluble supplements. And I don’t have to worry about taking it with a meal.
Using MCT or coconut oil with my stack does not interfere with water-soluble supplements either. It’s a win-win.
Clear Path to Improved Performance in 2021
I’ve tried a lot of different nootropic stacks in the last 14 years. But in late 2015, I finally found one high quality pre-made stack that covered all the bases. That stack is Mind Lab Pro®.
I’ve used Mind Lab Pro® as the “base” for my personal nootropic stack since 2015. And continue to use it in 2021. It’s that good.
In fact, in 2017 Mind Lab Pro® upgraded their formula. Their B-Vitamins are now their own proprietary NutriGenesis® vitamins. ‘Nature-identical’ nutrients that your body recognize as food.
Then in 2018, their sister company introduced an entire new supplement brand called Performance Lab®. The company recognized the demand for more choices when it comes to brain optimization. And the need to support the rest of your body.
Performance Lab® offers the pre-formulated nootropic stacks Performance Lab® Mind, Performance Lab® Stim, and Performance Lab® Energy.
Their nootropic stacks are supported by the Performance Lab® NutriGenesis Multi which I also use daily. This multi contains nature-identical NutriGenesis® vitamins and minerals for whole-body and brain performance. This is now my preferred multivitamin supplement which works very well with Mind Lab Pro®.
In early 2018, I switched from using individual supplements to Performance Lab® Energy. Because this stack contains the Acetyl L-Carnitine (ALCAR), Coenzyme Q10, PQQ, and R-Lipoic Acid that I was buying and using separately which was more expensive.
Performance Lab® Energy uses the patented, clinically-tested forms of each ingredient in NutriCaps® vegan-friendly capsules and no additives. Just pure, tested nutrients that work.
In 2019 I added Performance Lab® Stim which I used occasionally when energy is running a little ragged. And I need that extra boost to finish what I’m doing.
Because it contains Natural Caffeine (from Coffea Robusta seeds) 50 mg, L-Theanine (Suntheanine®) 100 mg, Ajipure® L-Tyrosine 250 mg, supported by NutriGenesis® Vitamin B2, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B9 & Vitamin B12. For alert clean energy without the negative side effects like the jitters.
Performance Lab® also offers supplement stacks for Vision, Sleep, Prebiotic, Flex, Carb, BCAA, Pre-workout, Post-workout formulas, Fat Burner, and a T-Booster for men.
Conclusion
If you’re feeling frustrated finding your ideal stack, my hope is this page provides the pointers you need to create your best nootropic stack.
Each nootropic I’ve featured on this page works. How do I know? Because I use them every single day.
But I’m not the only one. 10’s of thousands of people just like you and I have found success with these nootropics too.
I encourage you to try each of them in your nootropic stack in 2021. Or save some money on your monthly supplement purchases, and try some of the pre-formulated stacks like Mind Lab Pro® and the Performance Lab® supplements. The company even offers a money-back guarantee if you try one of their supplements are not happy with it.
My attitude is that once I’ve found a nootropic supplement company that puts out high quality product, I keep using them until something better comes along.
So far that has not happened. I’m confident you’ll like and appreciate the pre-formulated nootropic stacks on this page. The company puts out amazing products.
When it comes to brain optimization and what I put in my body, “good enough” isn’t nearly good enough until I’m performing my best. In all areas of life.
The right combination of nootropics in the right amounts have helped me get to the point where I feel I’m performing better than ever.
Near the beginning of this page we identified the main points that lead to better cognitive function; cognition, decision-making, focus, flow, thinking, memory, anxiety, depression, energy, motivation, brain repair and maintenance.
What I love about the nootropic supplements outlined on this page is that it covers each of those categories.
And to help you fine-tune your nootropic stack even further. Spend some time with each of the following posts I wrote on individual areas of brain optimization.
Best Nootropics for Learning & Memory
Best Nootropics for Social Anxiety
Best Nootropics for Depression
Best Nootropics for Motivation
Best Nootropics for Hacking a Flow State
Psychobiotics: The Gut-Brain Connection
How to Select the Best Multivitamin for Brain Function
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[iii] Nakamura K. “Aniracetam: Its Novel Therapeutic Potential in Cerebral Dysfunctional Disorders Based on Recent Pharmacological Discoveries” CNS Drug Reviews 2002 Neva Press, Branford, Connecticut Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 70–89 (source)
[iv] Isaacson J.S., Nicoll R. A. “Aniracetam reduces glutamate receptor desensitization and slows the decay of fast excitatory synaptic currents in the hippocampus” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in the United States of America vol. 88, pp. 10936-10940, December 1991 (source)
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[vii] Calabrese N.D., Gregory W.L., Leo M., Kraemer D., Bone K., Oken B. “Effects of a Standardized Bacopa monnieri Extract on Cognitive Performance, Anxiety, and Depression in the Elderly: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial” Journal of Alternative and Complimentary Medicine 2008 Jul; 14(6): 707–713. (source)
[viii] Walker J., Rohm B., Lang R., Pariza M.W., Hofmann T., Somoza V. “Identification of coffee components that stimulate dopamine release from pheochromocytoma cells (PC-12).” Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2012 Feb;50(2):390-8 (source)
[ix] Gjorness T.E., Greene R.W. “Adenosine and Sleep” Current Neuropharmacology. 2009 Sep; 7(3): 238–245. (source)
[x] Adibhatla R.M., Hatcher J.F., Dempsey R.J. “Citicoline: neuroprotective mechanisms in cerebral ischemia.” Journal of Neurochemistry 2002 Jan;80(1):12-23 (source)
[xi] Wang L., Pooler A.M., Albrecht M.A., Wurtman R.J. “Dietary uridine-5′-monophosphate supplementation increases potassium-evoked dopamine release and promotes neurite outgrowth in aged rats.” Journal of Molecular Neuroscience 2005;27(1):137-45. (source)
[xii] Lai P.L., Naidu M., Sabaratnam V., Wong K.H., David R.P., Kuppusamy U.R., Abdullah N., Malek S.N. “Neurotrophic properties of the Lion’s mane medicinal mushroom, Hericium erinaceus (Higher Basidiomycetes) from Malaysia.” International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms. 2013;15(6):539-54. (source)
[xiii] Nagano M., Shimizu K., Kondo R., Hayashi C., Sato D., Kitagawa K., Ohnuki K. “Reduction of depression and anxiety by 4 weeks Hericium erinaceus intake.” Biomedical Research. 2010 Aug;31(4):231-7. (source)
[xiv] Amasheh M., Schlichter S., Amasheh S., Mankertrz J., Zeitz M., Fromm M., Schulzke J.D. “Quercetin Enhances Epithelial Barrier Function and Increases Claudin-4 Expression in Caco-2 Cells” The Journal of Nutrition and Disease 138: 1067–1073, 2008. (source)
[xv] Colunga Biancatelli, R., Berrill, M., Catravas, J. D., & Marik, P. E. (2020). “Quercetin and Vitamin C: An Experimental, Synergistic Therapy for the Prevention and Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Related Disease (COVID-19). “Frontiers in immunology, 11, 1451. (Source)
[xvi] Coull N.A., Watkins S.L., Aldous J.W., Warren L.K., Chrismas B.C., Dascombe B., Mauger A.R., Abt G., Taylor L. “Effect of tyrosine ingestion on cognitive and physical performance utilising an intermittent soccer performance test (iSPT) in a warm environment.”European Journal of Applied Physiology. 2015 Feb;115(2):373-86. (source)
[xvii] Crook T.H., Tinklenberg J., Yesavage J., Petrie W., Nunzi M.G., Massari D.C. “Effects of phosphatidylserine in age-associated memory impairment.” Neurology 1991 May;41(5):644-9. (source)
[xviii] Dvoráková M., Jezová D., Blazícek P., Trebatická J., Skodácek I., Suba J., Iveta W., Rohdewald P., Duracková Z. “Urinary catecholamines in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): modulation by a polyphenolic extract from pine bark (pycnogenol).” Nutritional Neuroscience 2007 Jun-Aug; 10(3-4):151-7. (source)
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It would be nice if each of these web pages could be downloaded as a pdf.
Dr. Keyock, I do not have these pages available for download because of copyright. But most of this information is available in my book Head First which is available as a PDF, or for iPad or Kindle.
What do suggest for a TBI. Memory loss. Has seizures.
Connie, see this article for my suggestions: https://nootropicsexpert.com/best-nootropics-for-traumatic-brain-injury/
Hello David, Great article. I always have this doubt about how to take and with or without food.
Please, is the MCT caps from NOW, called caprylic acid 600 mg, 1g of MCT a good alternative instead taking oil?
There are some mct in powder and easier to be taken instead oil. However, not sure it would help with fat solubles nootropics.
Thank you and Regards,
Marcio
Marcio, MCT Oil is not enough to activate the digestive enzymes needed to metabolize fat I don’t think. Because it rapidly bypasses digestion and goes straight to your liver for the production of ketones. Better to use an additional fat like unrefined coconut oil, extra virgin olive oil or some other healthy fat.
Hey David what’s your recommended on and off time meaning do you use it everyday or do you give yourself a week to reboot and start again?
Joie, there is nothing on this page that requires cycling as long as you are using the dosages recommended.
David,
The article helped me a lot. I want to ask a question about nootropics, so I leave a comment.
I have been prescribed anti-depression, Methylphenidate(Concerta) medications because of my depression and ADD.
Recently, I would like to change my medication to nootropic because it seems that taking brain supplements is better for my health in the long run than taking these smart drugs.
However, I don’t know much about nootropics yet, so I want to take nootropics with comprehensive ingredients.
What do you think of the Brainzyme and Alpha Brain? I’m asking because I think it’s a similar product to Mind Lab Pro. There are 3 versions of Brainzyme, and if you look at Pro and Elite, there are so many ingredients and dosages. So I think it will be good for the overall body as well as brain health.
Mind Lab Pro is a good nootropic, but I like products with good value for money because I am still a student.
Regards,
Lauren, if you are using Concerta I highly recommend Mind Lab Pro because it contains ingredients that help with brain repair. Damage that may be caused by using stimulants. I’ve tried the other stacks you mention and Mind Lab Pro works better.
Please see my article on ADD for the entire stack you can use to support Concerta usage and make it work even better: https://nootropicsexpert.com/best-nootropics-for-adhd-add
David,
Would love to get your opinion on a stack I am creating. The goal is to provide natural energy and focus while supporting the dopamine pathway. I already am taking a stack very similar to mind lap pro, so I was wondering if this would be a good complement to take on some days when a slight boost of mental energy is needed. Let me know what you think, and if any ingredients are redundant or non-beneficial and should be removed? If so should I add any other nootropics?
Cordyceps – 500mg
Panax Ginseng – 300mg
Phenylalanine – 250mg
Guarana Seed Extract (90mg caffeine) – 250mg
N-Acetyl L-Tyrosine – 100mg
L-Theanine – 100mg
Mucuna Pruriens – 100mg
Theobromine – 100mg
Theacrine – 80mg
B6 – 10mg
Vinpocetine – 5mg
B12 – 300mcg
For increasing blood flow and potency of the stack, would vinpocetine be better than say pine bark extract or ginkgo biloba?
Additionally, I sometimes take the three listed below so I may also include them in the stack. Would combining Alpha-Lipoic Acid (300mg) with ALCAR be beneficial for mental focus/ energy/ nootropic purposes?
Acetyl-L-Carnitine HCL – 500mg
Artichoke Extract – 500mg
Coleus forskohlii – (10% 5mg forsklin)
Thanks so much for the great information and help!
Brent Alpha Lipoic Acid and ALCAR work in synergy for the production of ATP in mitochondria which is your main energy source. Adding the last two on your list makes up the CILTEP stack. Great for memory.
Vinpocetine is the superior method for increasing brain blood flow in my opinion.
Why are you using 3 different precursors for dopamine synthesis? Seems to me that 500 mg L-Tyrosine would do the job just fine.
David,
Thanks for the feedback! Seems that I may be including a bit to many dopamine precursors in an attempt to include more ingredients. I’ll remove Phenylalanine and/or Mucuna while leaving NALT.
I also may remove cordyceps, as the goal with that supplement is somewhat different than this stack.
As for the rest, seems that ALCAR and ALA would be beneficial. Have you done much research into the synergistic benefits from caffeine and Theacrine being taking together? Anecdotally I feel there is a benefit.
Do you think using Theobromine with the 90mg of caffeine provides an added benefit, or should it be removed?
Brent, I haven’t done the research on Theacrine yet so can’t comment. And I started the research on Theobromine twice because I thought I was missing something. Turns out I wasn’t and it is no match for natural caffeine which remains my preferred choice. I can see no reason to include Theobromine in a stack no matter which way I look at it.
Hello from the U.K. I have recently started to take Methylphenidate IR 3 x a day for my newly diagnosed ADHD ( I’m 45F) which is really helping me. I’m interested to start incorporating some Nootropics into my day to protect my body and brain cor general health but to lessen any damaging effects of the medication but I don’t know where to start. I suffer from reflux so am interested in liposimal or skin spray administrations. I currently take liposimal Glutathione ( My recent dna gene test showed an increased need for anti-oxidants and magnesium). Do you think this is beneficial? I also take a B12 and folate tablet and a Better You magnesium body spray. Do these sound ok to take with stims? I’m interested in something to calm a bit of short lived anxiety – probably the rebound towards early evening when my medication wears off. There is no good advice here in the U.K. and doctors very uninformed Thankyou for any tips and advice!
Jo, L-Glutathione is your master antioxidant and a great choice for protecting your brain.
The nootropic stack you need to support methylphenidate use with no brain damage and no crash later in the day is here: https://nootropicsexpert.com/best-nootropics-for-adhd-add/. You will see the full list of supplements in the yellow box near the top of the article. And the rest of the article explains how it works.
Newbie here, I’ve been struggling with my mental health since 2013 ( diagnosed OCD, Major Depressive Disorder, Generalized and Social Anxiety Disorder and Eating Disorder) due to meds I’ve gained over 100 lbs and and on a constant search for something to bring back my motivation to live life rather than just surviving. My medication (fluvoxamine at night Vyvanse in the morning) really just helps manage the OCD ( it maybe minimizes the depression slightly but not significantly) it also effects my sleep so I struggle with insomnia as well.
When I wean off my meds I find a sweet spot of (what I describe as) euphoria… I have motivation to do things, exercise and tackle things like household jobs and the energy to see them through even!! But this only lasts a few days if im lucky and then Im back to battling symptoms.
I have to stay on my meds so wondering if 1) I can add these supplements along with them 2) do you have recommendations
( I have read this article and a few others you have posted as well. And I’ve has a look at the performance lab site. I’d like to find a supplement the combines as many beneficial ingredients as possible if I can )
Anyway this is probably more sharing than I’ve done in a long time, and if you can’t help I understand! But at this point I’m just throwing it all out there hoping for some kind of miraculous shift and change.
Jessica, I don’t recommend trying a “supplement that combines as many beneficial ingredients as possible” because if something goes wrong you will not know what ingredient in that supplement was the culprit. Better to try individual supplements one at a time until you find what works. Then look for a pre-made stack like one of the Performance Lab supplements.
Keep in mind that the drugs you are using are contraindicated with several of the supplements you’ve read about here. For example, this is the pharmacology of Fluvoxamine: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluvoxamine#Pharmacology. This drug affects serotonin in your brain. So you must avoid any natural supplement that also raises serotonin.
Vyvanse is not so much of a problem because you can use L-Tyrosine for example to raise dopamine. And it will just support using Vyvanse.
Start with something simple like OCD. Use the search function top right of the main menu above and do a search for “OCD”. See what turns up.
Then learn the mechanism of action or pharmacology of each supplement you found. And find out if it affects serotonin. Read the side effects section of each supplement I’ve written about. When you find something that helps OCD and is not contraindicated with Fluvoxamine then try it. Follow the dosage recommendations provided and see if it helps.
Thank you so much for your response. I agree with what you’ve suggested as far as adding things in individually to know for sure what’s working and what might be the cause of issues. I’m interested in trying the l tyrosine ( thinking of the performance lab Stim as it combines with caffeine as well as B6 which you have both of in your list for depression) and one other im interested in trying is Saffron. I’ve never come across it in anything else I’ve ever looked at but seems to be safe as far as interactions and looks to have effects on a few things I could use support with.
Thank you again for all the information you provide and your guidance as well.
Jessica
I’m just learning about nootropics but my daughter had significant OCD symptoms that disappeared after we got her thyroid meds optimized. We added more T3 meds to her T4. Thyroid is so critical to brain health. We are following protocol from Stop The Thyroid Madness. Our goal is to get the hormones working to optimal levels, which is not easy, then using Nootropics a, diets, LDN, and supplements to support health. Just realizing we are using “Nootropics” and happy to find this site.
Denise, Stop the Thyroid Madness became my bible when I was first diagnosed hypothyroid about 8 years ago. Synthroid did not work and I heard about natural desiccated thyroid. But could not find an endo who would prescribe it. I was on my own and that website and Janie’s book helped me save my own life.
So, welcome to our community and thanks for the note. We’re happy to have you.
Hi David,
I appreciate all the info and trust your nootropic expertise over all others so thank you for that!
I’m planning on getting Mind Lab Pro and was wondering if there were any additional things you’d add to this pre-formulated stack (i.e a racetam etc.) and/or extra of a certain nootropic already in the stack (I’ve read you can take 750 mg of Bacopa /day safely etc)? I’m a medical provider and clear rapid thinking/social comfortability are my main benefit focus. Also, do you recommend taking the double dose on more demanding work days?
What would be your recommendation for best nootropic stack for sleep to calm a busy mind? Thanks!
Shane, you can safely double the dose of Mind Lab Pro. So, two capsules in the morning and two at noon.
Depending on your age or medical issues you may want to add more L-Tyrosine for dopamine and Alpha GPC for acetylcholine. Those are direct precursors and will increase the amount of each neurotransmitter in your brain.
Bacopa Monnieri will not increase those neurotransmitters. It is a good anxiolytic and helps protect your brain from stress.
I suggest adding 1,000 mg DHA to Mind Lab Pro every day, a high quality Multi like this one: https://bit.ly/347dm5M and a tablespoon of a healthy fat like unrefined coconut oil or MCT Oil to help absorb the fat-soluble ingredients in your stack.
Searching for Inositol, I came across your description of its function. Then reading further noted that, in contrast to the glowing claims, you are not including it in your personal protocol. As I recommended it to my son, and use it myself, I am left wondering what is the reason you are not using it, given its purported benefits.
Oh my, an endless loop of verification images. Now probably won’t go through. Hate that!
Sav, I hate it too. But such is life on the World Wide Web until someone figures out a way to make websites hack-proof.
I used to use Inositol and ended up dropping it for no particular reason except that I’m already using a lot of supplements. Eventually, once you have your stack sorted to your liking you draw the line. And stay with what works.
I’m a bit surprised that there’s no creatine on the list after reading the article on this website and the clear nootropic benefits. Which factors led to that omission? Thanks!
Michael, from the nootropics I’ve reviewed so far I have around 95 to choose from to design a stack for any particular goal.
So, for energy I chose: Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALCAR), Alpha Lipoic Acid, CDP-Choline, Rhodiola, CoQ10, and PQQ. I could have included Creatine in that stack. But I had to draw the line somewhere. And that’s why Creatine never made it.
Dear David Tomen, I have used CDP-choline, one of various nootropics being existed. Sometimes I take it and feel sleepy after then (since this, I cannot study well for what I want). Nevertheless, the officially studied effectiveness of one implicates alertness or wakefulness. Why this situation happens ?
Quan, either you have excess acetylcholine in your brain naturally and you are overdoing it with CDP-Choline. Or CDP-Choline is just the wrong supplement for you.
Quan, feeling sleepy after using a choline supplement usually means that you have too much acetylcholine in your system.
Hello, David. I recently found your vlog and very much enjoy reading about your take on different supplements and nootropics. Maybe I’ll be repeating what’s been asked before so I’m sorry in advance if that’s the case. Nevertheless, I occasionally take amphetamine for focus, since I really struggle with that a lot. However, after my most recent usage of the drug, I feel like I overdid it a bit and now have quite heavy comedown/withdrawal. What would you recommend for me to bring my brain back to optimal health? I have a suspicion that my current state is induced by desensitization of dopamine receptors. In that case, what would could potentially be helpful? Thanks in advance.
Vytautas, you can resensitize dopamine receptors by using N-Acetyl L-Cysteine (NAC). And use L-Tyrosine to replace the dopamine the amphetamines force your brain to use.
Im looking for a good supplement of nac. Any good ones come to mind?
Thanks
Pilan, this is one of the only companies still offering NAC and the one I use: https://bit.ly/3yLPhik
Hey David I appreciate what you are doing here, I have go a lot of benefits from Iodine Magnesium Chloride and Niacin from your videos. As well as performance lab Multi’s and Mind lab pro, thank you! However, when I discovered liposomal glutathione from another source and its nootropic effects I was very surprised you didn’t have in on your list. I think you should really look into it, it has helped me personally more than everything else I have done by a long shot. I will link you the one I bought on amazon (Liposomal Glutathione Liquid by Core Med Science), but there are others as well. It is crucial that it be liposomal because regular glutathione gets broken down by the stomach acid and doesn’t get absorbed at all.
Sam, it’s on my list and I haven’t gotten to it yet. Thanks for the report.