Alpha GPC (L-Alpha Glycerylphosphorylcholine, choline alfoscerate) is a choline source derived from soy or sunflower lecithin. It is also naturally present in small amounts in your body.
Alpha GPC is more bioavailable than other sources of choline for brain benefits. Unlike choline citrate or choline bitartrate, it easily crosses the blood-brain barrier. This makes Alpha GPC a preferred choline source with experienced nootropic users.
Alpha GPC is a precursor to the essential neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
Alpha GPC helps:
- Brain Energy. Alpha GPC improves mood, and boosts mental energy. The extra choline can increase alertness and clarity of thought.
- Neurotransmitters. Alpha GPC is prized for its ability to improve memory. Its high bioavailability makes it a great source of choline for producing the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
- Brain Optimization. Alpha GPC boosts the development of new brain cells. And enhances your brain’s ability to repair damaged cell membranes.
Table of Contents
Overview
Alpha GPC is a type of choline that’s produced in small amounts in your body. You can also get it from eating organ meats, dairy and wheat germ.
Choline is considered an essential nutrient because when your body uses it faster than it can produce it, you need supplemental choline either from food or a supplement.
You need choline for the production of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. And to form phosphatidylcholine (PC), used in building cell membranes.
In fact, choline is so vital to cognition and nerve function that, without it, we couldn’t move, think, sleep or remember anything.
Alpha GPC is used throughout your body. It even helps the production of human growth hormone. Athletes use it for peak performance, and to help build lean muscle mass. It provides more energy for a workout and quicker recovery.[i]
Here we’re talking about how Alpha GPC affects your brain health and chemistry.
Alpha GPC vs. CDP-Choline vs. Choline Bitartrate: What’s the Difference?
Choline is a water-soluble nutrient and its composition is similar to B-vitamins. Alpha GPC, CDP-Choline, Choline Citrate and Choline Bitartrate are all sources of choline.
CDP-Choline (cytidine 5′-diphosphocholine): Is only about 18% choline by weight. Your body naturally synthesizes choline into CDP-Choline (Citicoline). It’s then converted to phosphatidylcholine (PC) which assists cell membranes, and helps create acetylcholine.
Choline Bitartrate: An economical form of choline, and about 40% choline by weight. So 1 gram of Choline Bitartrate offers 400 mg of actual choline. It does not easily cross the blood-brain barrier. So you won’t experience the same level of nootropic benefits as with Alpha GPC or CDP-Choline.
Alpha GPC: About 40% choline by weight and easily crosses the blood-brain barrier. Alpha GPC naturally occurs in your brain as a byproduct of phosphatidylcholine (PC). When your brain needs more choline, and the choline floating around in your brain is running low, it breaks down PC from cell membranes. And turns it into Alpha GPC.
Your body and brain loves it when you use Alpha GPC. Because it doesn’t have to cannibalize its own cells to get more choline.
How does Alpha GPC Work in the Brain?
Alpha GPC boosts brain health and function in several ways. But two in particular stand out.
- Alpha GPC boosts acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter tied to memory and overall brain function. Alpha GPC is a precursor to acetylcholine. Improving the efficiency of communications between neurons in your brain. This increase in neural signaling boosts memory, learning, cognitive processing and mental clarity.
In one study, 32 healthy volunteers received either Alpha GPC or a placebo as a pretreatment. Ten days later they were injected with scopolamine to induce amnesia. The researchers found Alpha GPC was able to prevent the impairment of attention and memory normally caused by scopolamine.[ii]
These researchers showed that memory function in young healthy people could be racked up a notch. Simply by taking Alpha GPC as a supplement.
- Alpha GPC directly impacts development of cell membranes in the cerebral cortex. This outer layer of neural tissues or “gray matter” is the information processing center of your brain. It controls intelligence, motor function, organization, personality, planning and touch.[iii]
Published in Clinical Therapeutics, researchers conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s patients. 400 mg capsules were administered 3- times per day for 180 days. The conclusion of this trial showed consistent improvement in dementia patients given Alpha GPC.[iv]
How things go bad:
As we get older, our brain chemistry and energy metabolism changes.
↓ Recall, reaction time and mood diminish
↓ Brain cell membranes degenerate
↓ Acetylcholine levels decline[v]
↓ Nerve growth factor in the brain declines
All of these age-related changes are contributing factors to the neurodegenerative diseases of aging, including Alzheimer’s and dementia.
But even if you’re not concerned with the effects of aging, Alpha GPC can help.
Alpha GPC to the rescue
Research from hundreds of studies have shown that Alpha GPC will:
- Improve memory and learning ability[vi]
- Restore the bioavailability of acetylcholine[vii]
- Restore and boost nerve growth factor receptors in the brain[viii]
- Increase growth hormones in all age groups[ix]
- Boost cognitive performance and memory in Alzheimer’s patients[x]
Alpha GPC is water-soluble and quickly enters your brain after you take it. Once in your brain, it boosts signal transmission, and protects neurons.
Alpha GPC improves your brain function and learning processes by directly increasing synthesis and secretion of acetylcholine. As your body calls for it.
This form of choline is not a precursor to phosphatidylcholine (PC), but is a metabolite of PC. This means once PC is metabolized and stripped of its fatty acids – all that remains is Alpha GPC.
Instead of scavenging your brain’s own membranes for Alpha GPC, you give it exactly the type of choline its looking for.
How does Alpha GPC feel?
If you have trouble getting started in the morning, try coffee and 400 mg of Alpha GPC. Instead of your usual high sugar, high carbohydrate breakfast.
Alpha GPC can be a great way to boost your energy. Take it 45 minutes before you work out.
Alpha GPC helps with memory, mood, mental performance and energy. Its brain support and ability to fuel the acetylcholine in your brain cells should boost cognition in all age and gender groups.
The Research
In one study, researchers showed that Alpha GPC had positive effects for increasing human growth hormone.[xi]
Alpha GPC Increases the Release of Dopamine
Another trial demonstrated the increase in the release of dopamine.[xii] This is particularly significant in showing Alpha GPC can help those suffering from dopamine deficiencies. And alleviating the symptoms of diseases like depressive disorders and Parkinson’s Disease.
Alpha GPC Facilitates Learning and Memory
An ongoing trial demonstrates Alpha GPC improving memory and attention. This research shows Alpha GPC increasing the effectiveness of pairing it with donepezil (acetylcholinesterase inhibitor). Far better than using donepezil on its own.
And in rats, Alpha GPC boosted learning and memory. It increased brain energy mechanisms and decreased age-related structural changes in the brain.[xiii][xiv]
Alpha GPC Relieves Cognitive Impairment in Alzheimer’s
Thirteen published clinical trials, involving a total of 4,054 Alzheimer’s patients consistently showed Alpha GPC:[xv]
- Boosted memory and attention
- Promoted recovery in stroke patients
- Reversed the symptoms of acute cerebrovascular disease
- Is far more effective than using choline or lecithin in treating disease
Dosage Notes
Alpha GPC is about 40% choline by weight. So 1,000 mg of Alpha GPC provides approximately 400 mg of choline.
- Alpha GPC suggested dosage for cognitive benefits is 400 – 1,200 mg per day.
- Athletic training suggested dosage of Alpha GPC is 400 mg first thing in the morning, and another 400 mg dose 15 – 30 minutes before working out.
- Clinical treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease, dementia and other cognitive disorders dosage of up to 1,200 mg per day.
For higher dosages, split the daily Alpha GPC total into 2 or 3 doses per day. For example, 1,200 mg would be taken 400 mg at a time.
Side Effects
Alpha GPC is produced naturally in your body. So is considered well-tolerated and safe.
Side effects are rare but can include fatigue, headaches, nervousness, nausea, diarrhea and gastrointestinal issues. This is often an indication you have too much choline in your body.
Because Alpha GPC causes an energy boost in many neurohackers, avoid dosing in the evening. Or you may have difficulty getting to sleep.
Available Forms
Because Alpha GPC tends to liquefy at 99-100%, many suppliers offer 50% Alpha GPC powder combined with 50% of a filler like silicon dioxide. Adjust your dosage accordingly.
Alpha GPC is made from soy or sunflower lecithin. So if you’re trying to avoid soy in your diet look for A-GPC “no soy” or labeled as derived from sunflower lecithin.
Nootropics Expert Recommendation
Alpha GPC 400 – 1,200 mg per day
We recommend using Alpha GPC as a nootropic supplement.
Your body does make some Alpha GPC on its own. And from the food you eat. But studies have shown we don’t get an adequate supply of choline from food sources in our modern diet.
Alpha GPC is especially helpful for those suffering from age-related cognitive decline. Studies show it helps stop or reverse brain degeneration like Alzheimer’s Disease, and other cognitive disorders. Particularly in the early to mid-stages of the disease.
We suggest starting with a dose of 400 mg daily. And Alpha GPC is a great compliment to a stack including any nootropic from the racetam-family. Anything that causes an increase in uptake of acetylcholine in your brain.
You need to provide your brain with the choline it is demanding. Or it starts cannibalizing your own brain cells for more acetylcholine. Signs that you’re lacking adequate choline are headaches.
Use Alpha GPC at a ratio of 1:4. For example, 400 mg of Alpha GPC to 1,600 mg of a racetam like Piracetam.
Age-related cognitive disorders like Alzheimer’s may want to up the dose to 1,200 mg per day.
[i] Ziegenfuss T., Landis J. Hofheins J. “Acute supplementation with alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine augments growth hormone response to, and peak force production during, resistance exercise” Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 20085(Suppl 1):P15 (source)
[ii] Canal N., Franceschi M., Alberoni M., Castiglioni C., De Moliner P., Longoni A. “Effect of L-alpha-glyceryl-phosphorylcholine on amnesia caused by scopolamine.” International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, Therapy, Toxicology. 1991 Mar;29(3):103-7. (source)
[iii] Kidd P.M. “Neurodegeneration from mitochondrial insufficiency: nutrients, stem cells, growth factors, and prospects for brain rebuilding using integrative management.” Alternative Medicine Review 2005 Dec;10(4):268-93. (source)
[iv] De Jesus Moreno Moreno M. “Cognitive improvement in mild to moderate Alzheimer’s dementia after treatment with the acetylcholine precursor choline alfoscerate: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.” Clinical Therapeutics 2003 Jan;25(1):178-93. (source)
[v] Cohen B.M., Renshaw P.F., Stoll A.L., Wurtman R.J., Yurgelun-Todd D., Babb S.M. “Decreased brain choline uptake in older adults. An in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.” JAMA 1995 Sep 20;274(11):902-7. (source)
[vi] Drago F., Mauceri F., Nardo L., Valerio C., Lauria N., Rampello L., Guidi G. “Behavioral effects of L-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine: influence on cognitive mechanisms in the rat.” Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 1992 Feb;41(2):445-8. (source)
[vii] Bronzetti E., Felici L., Amenta F. “Effect of ipsilateral lesioning of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis and of L-alpha-glyceryl phosphorylcholine treatment on choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase in the rat fronto-parietal cortex.” Neuroscience Letters 1993 Dec 24;164(1-2):47-50 (source)
[viii] Vega J.A., Cavallotti C., del Valle M.E., Mancini M., Amenta F. “Nerve growth factor receptor immunoreactivity in the cerebellar cortex of aged rats: effect of choline alfoscerate treatment.” Mechanisms of Ageing and Development 1993 Jun;69(1-2):119-27. (source)
[ix] Ceda G.P., Ceresini G., Denti L., Marzani G., Piovani E., Banchini A., Tarditi E., Valenti G. “alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine administration increases the GH responses to GHRH of young and elderly subjects.”Hormone and Metabolic Research 1992 Mar;24(3):119-21 (source)
[x] Parnetti L., Abate G., Bartorelli L., Cucinotta D., Cuzzupoli M., Maggioni M., Villardita C., Senin U. “Multicentre study of l-alpha-glyceryl-phosphorylcholine vs ST200 among patients with probable senile dementia of Alzheimer’s type.” Drugs Aging 1993 Mar-Apr;3(2):159-64 (source)
[xi] Ceda G.P., Ceresini G., Denti L., Magnani D., Marchini L, Valenti G., Hoffman A.R. “Effects of cytidine 5′-diphosphocholine administration on basal and growth hormone-releasing hormone-induced growth hormone secretion in elderly subjects.” Acta Endocrinologica (Copenhagen).1991;124(5):516-20. (source)
[xii] Trabucchi M., Govoni S., Battaini F. “Changes in the interaction between CNS cholinergic and dopaminergic neurons induced by L-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine, a cholinomimetic drug.” Farmaco Sci.1986 Apr;41(4):325-34. (source)
[xiii] Traini E., Bramanti V., Amenta F. “Choline alphoscerate (alpha-glyceryl-phosphoryl-choline) an old choline- containing phospholipid with a still interesting profile as cognition enhancing agent.” Current Alzheimer’s Research 2013 Dec;10(10):1070-9. (source)
[xiv] Florio T., Bajetto A., Thellung S., Arena S., Corsaro A., Bonavia R., Merlino M., Schettini G. “Prolonged treatment with α-glycerylphosphorylethanolamine facilitates the acquisition of an active avoidance behavior and selectively increases neuronal signal transduction in rats” Aging Clinical and Experimental Research October 1999, Volume 11, Issue 5, pp 335-342 (source)
[xv] Parnetti L., Amenta F., Gallai V. “Choline alphoscerate in cognitive decline and in acute cerebrovascular disease: an analysis of published clinical data.” Mechanisms of Ageing and Development 2001 Nov;122(16):2041-55. (source)
Hi, David!
I’m interested in buying alpha-GPC for my grandmother to help improve her memory and mood. She does take an SNRI, as well as lamictal and lorazepan. Are there contraindications there? Are there any other nootropics you’d recommend for an elderly person experiencing memory loss, insomnia, and/or depression? Thanks so much! Your page has been extremely helpful.
Alpha GPC should not be contraindicated with the meds she it on. But I suggest double-checking using the drugs.com interaction checker here: https://www.drugs.com/drug_interactions.html
My research for rejuvenating the aging brain can be found here: https://nootropicsexpert.com/best-nootropics-for-the-aging-brain/
Hi David,
Thank you for sharing your in depth research & experience with nootropics. I’ve recently purchased NOW brand’s Alpha GPC. I’m wondering how I can pair it with Vyvanse 20 mg. Should I try it without the stimulant at first? Here’s what I take on days I dose to give you a better idea:
Pre- stimulant: L- Theanine 150 mg
Ashwagandha: 200 mg
Curcumin: 250 mg
Coenzyme Q10: 50 mg
Vitamin B6: 25 mg
Omega 3’s: 500 mg EPA 250 mg DHA (4 hours post dosing)
1 cup black coffee: 2-3 hours after dosing
I dose 3-4 times a week. I take weekend breaks which can extend in to the week as well.
Recently, I started 5000 IU vitamin D & 100 mg vitamin K. Ideally, I want to keep my Vyvanse intake low and wean off of them on to nootropics. I realize that might not be seamless as I haven’t experimented with many others.
Thanks
Ayaz, Vyvanse needs dopamine so I suggest also using 500 mg L-Tyrosine 3-times per day. And get a high quality B-Complex supplement that uses bioactive B-Vitamins.
Thank you for your response.
I take the following as recovery from my stimulant course:
L – Theanine 100 mg
Magnesium Glycinate 200 mg
Vitamin C 150 mg
NALT 175 mg
Melatonin 1.5 mg
What brand would you recommend for NALT & B-Complex? Is there any difference between L-Tyrosine and NALT?
Thanks,
Ayaz
Ayaz, there is some debate about bioavailability with NALT vs L-Tyrosine. Studies show that Tyrosine seems to be more effective than NALT. But practical user experience including mine find that both are equally effective. So I use the 175 mg NALT in Mind Lab Pro (https://bit.ly/3lh3w8a) AND 500 mg L-Tyrosine from here because it’s pure: https://amzn.to/2KjPUv1
And for the B-Complex, I use the one made by Life Extension because it’s pure and they use bioactive vitamins instead of synthetics that others use. You can find that here: https://amzn.to/3qohRRO
Thank you very much for this detailed article on alpha GPC!
I have a huge exam un 80 days so I am planning on taking alpha GPC along with phenylpiracetam, do I still have to follow the 1:4 ratio? It sounds like that would be too much but idk.
Alma, the recommended Phenylpiracetam dosage is 100 mg twice per day. And you need some Alpha GPC each time you use it. 300 mg Alpha GPC is a standard dose so I’d try that and see.
But keep in mind that some people complain about developing tolerance to Phenylpiracetam quickly. So you may want to consider taking it only on days when you need the extra focus. Or try cycling it one week on and one week off.
Hello! I had a question building off of this.
If I can’t supplement the other racetams for any reason, is it better to do a lower dose/omit Alpha GPC, or could I proceed with the recommended dose?
My biggest concern is that most listings for pramiracetam is a far higher cost than I am willing to invest considering the amount I would need for the recommended 1:4 ratio. Thanks for your answer in advance!
Emily, Alpha GPC is a great supplement on its own and should provide the benefits described in the review above. And 300 mg is the lowest recommended dose. Which you would use 2 or 3-times per day.
Hello david
Can i use alpha GPC and cognizin at the same time?
If so, what would be the dose of each?
Could it be alpha GPC in the morning and cognizin at night?
Wilbert, I use Cognizin (in Mind Lab Pro) and a separate Alpha GPC supplement. 1 cap of MLP in the morning and at noon. And 300 mg Alpha GPC morning, noon and at 4 PM.
You may not need that much choline however. Each of us is different and how our brain’s use these nutrients is different to a certain extent.
But each share a choline molecule for the synthesis of acetylcholine in a different part of the cycle.
Would you recommend cycling on and off alpha gpc 50% with 300 mg per day supplementation when on cycle? Is it possible to develop tolerance? Thank you!
Steve, there is no need to cycle Alpha GPC. This choline compound is naturally made in your brain already. All you’re doing to supplying more Alpha GPC than your brain can make on its own.
This is especially important if you are using anything that uses acetylcholine such as any of the racetams. Or even a heavy work or study session that puts an extra load on your brain. Acetylcholine is used throughout your body as a signaling molecule. And most of us are deficient in this neurotransmitter.
You cannot develop “tolerance” to Alpha GPC. You can use too much however. But the side effects of excess acetylcholine usually goes away within a couple of hours.
Hi David,
I have sourced a 300mg of Alpha GPC supplement mixed with 300mg of Calcium phosphate dihydrate, (i guess I missed it prior to ordering) is this a safe combo to use? I don’t have a calcium deficiency.
Thanks!
Brian
Brian, according to Wikipedia, Calcium phosphate dihydrate in prepared breakfast cereals, dog treats, enriched flour, noodle products, poultry feed, as a tableting agent in pharmaceuticals, in some products meant to eliminate body odor, and in some toothpastes as a tartar control agent.
Why it would be included in a nootropic supplement that has Alpha GPC is beyond me. But according to the above it doesn’t sound dangerous. I suggest asking the manufacturer why they included it in that supplement.
Does Alpha GPC need to be taken with food? How much better absorbed is it taken with or without food?
Sam, Alpha GPC is water-soluble and does not need to be taken with food. It gets to your brain soon after you take it with water.
Ive been taking Alpha GPC for the past few weeks as I’ve been withdrawing from a tricyclic antidepressant. I am experiencing bad withdrawal symptoms. I came across this information:
“A major mechanism of withdrawal from tricyclic antidepressants is believed to be due to a rebound effect of excessive cholinergic activity due to neuroadaptations as a result of chronic inhibition of cholinergic receptors by tricyclic antidepressants
Does this mean I shouldn’t be taking Alpha GPC?
Leyla, based on that quote you shouldn’t be using Alpha GPC. Because that quote is saying you are already dealing with excess choline activity due to withdrawal from the drug.
Where did you find that quote? I’d like to read the entire study. Because a lot of people come here looking for answers on avoiding the severe side effects of antidepressant discontinuation withdrawal symptoms. And so far, I haven’t found an answer.
I found the abstract of the case study here. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9262526/
After coming across this study, I immediately stopped taking the Alpha GPC. This was four days ago. It seemed to be the only logical explanation for what seemed to be such exasperated withdrawal effects. I couldn’t understand- I had been withdrawing from the TCA slowly yet I felt the awful peak of the withdrawal effects last week, when I stopped taking the TCA altogether after all these months of slow withdrawal. In this same week, I had doubled my Alpha GPC dose to 240/day. Big mistake. I stopped the Alpha GPC four days ago. I cannot stress just how much better I finally feel. I feel TOTALLY different! I had no idea that that this type of antidepressants was an anticholinergic nor did I understand just how detrimental anticholinergics are to memory, which is why I began the alpha gpc in the first place as a desperate attempt to improve my deteriorating memory – now I know the true underlying cause. I can honestly say as I’ve slowly been withdrawing from the TCA while taking Alpha GPC, I believe I can attest to the correlation between the excess choline from the Alpha GPC in conjunction with reactivated choline receptors after being on an anticholinergic for nearly two years. Now I’ll be on a journey to repair some of the damage done by these awful drugs – any tips?
Leyla, any supplement that helps repair acetylcholine receptors should help. Those are typically nootropic supplements that increase Nerve Growth Factor and/or Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF). You should also take a look at PC (https://nootropicsexpert.com/phosphatidylcholine-pc/) and PS (https://nootropicsexpert.com/phosphatidylserine-ps/). Both supplements should affect acetylcholine receptor density.
Hi David, does alpha gpc lower testosterone levels?.
What can I take for nicotinic receptors other than nicotine?
Greetings.
Claudio, Alpha GPC will not touch testosterone. And do a search using the search function above the top menu for “nicotinic”. You’ll get a list of the nootropics that affect nicotinic receptors. Nootropics like Noopept comes to mind.
Hello David
How often to use Alpha-gpc?
Thanks
Adjai, it depends on your body and brain’s demand for more acetylcholine. Regular suggested dosage is 300 mg 2 – 3-times per day.
Hi
if a person wanted to manufacture their own Alpha GPC products, how does a person get the information on where to start , what machinery is needed and what raw materials ect?
There doesn’t seem to be much information out there on the manufacturing process of Alpha GPC just that it is a source of choline derived from soy or sunflower.
Would really appreciate it if I could get some information on the manufacturing process?
Ryan, this question needs to be put to a biochemical engineer and not someone like me. Maybe try asking these guys? http://purelife-bio.com/products/alpha-gpc/
Hello David
How long to consume Alpha GPC?
Thanks
Adjai, I do not understand your question. Do you mean how often should you use Alpha GPC?
Hello David
Alpha GPC has effect on prolactin levels
thanks
Serge, what effect does Alpha GPC have on prolactin? I’ve not been able to find any evidence it.
How long does A-GPC stay in your system?
Daria, the half-life of Alpha GPC is around 4 hours. Which means there shouldn’t be any left in your system 8 hrs. after taking it.
Hi David, I have been taking Effexor Xr 75mg (venlafaxine) over the years and notice cognitive decline (I’m only 34 yo). Now i wanted to do something about it and have started using Alpha GPC. Unfortunately the effects are the opposite of what i expected, i.e. increased brain fog and even depressed mood. I am taking 300 mg as that is the lowest dose, but even taking half produces the same negative effects. Do you have any idea why this is happening? I would be much obliged. Thanks in advance.
Marco, sounds like you have enough acetylcholine which is the reason you experienced what you did. Effexor is an serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). These are extremely powerful drugs. And from what I’ve seen over the last few years they play havoc with human brain health.
Is the drug helping you? Because if it does provide benefit that gives you a head-start in identifying at least some of the cause of your mental health issues. And makes it easier to find some natural nootropics that can do the same or similar thing.
But Serotonin Syndrome is all over the literature for this drug. And you need to be careful what you try.
Let’s assume Effexor has caused brain damage. And now you’re experiencing brain fog. Is that true? If so, I suggest carefully studying the post I wrote on dealing with brain fog. It has a list of suggestions you can try and many of them are not contraindicated with Effexor. https://nootropicsexpert.com/best-supplements-for-brain-fog/
Thank you for your quick response. Yes, Effexor is helping me big time. Of course there are downsides to it, but overall the benefits outweigh them. I do not imagine going back to where I have been before taking this drug (no power to do things and a feeling of not being in my body, not being able to be “in the moment”).
I am aware about the serotonine syndrome and therefore keeping away from supplements like 5-htp, l-tryptophan or St. John`s Wort.
I will read through your article on brain fog – looks very interesting.
Thank you once again.
Hi David, can Alpha GPC be used as a replacement for Nicotine and would it provide same rewarding benefits that Nicotine does? If no, then is there anything which is fast acting and as rewarding as Nicotine?
Stephanie, there are two types of acetylcholine receptors; nicotinic and muscarinic. Alpha GPC and most other choline precursors act on muscarinic receptors. But nicotine works only on nicotinic receptors.
But be aware of everything else the nicotine affects as well. It’s not just acetylcholine. https://nootropicsexpert.com/nicotine/. So to answer your question, the answer is “no”.
David, what are your thoughts on emptying an Alpha GPC in the mouth and holding it for sublingual absorption?
Mark, I suppose you could use it sublingually. There are a couple of sprays containing it that some find effective. Try it and let us know what you think.
Hi
Slightly confused… CDP Choline is only 18% Choline, and Alpha GPC is 40% E.g. (more.) So why is CDP dosed lower (250 – 500) if it has less Choline?
Regards
Nathan, Alpha GPC and CDP-Choline are usually dosed the same. But they work differently in your body and brain. This post explains the difference between the two and how they work: https://nootropicsexpert.com/advanced-guide-to-choline-in-nootropic-stacks/
Hi Mr.David, Thank you so much for giving us wealth of information.
Is GPC and Alpha GPC same? If different which one is better? This product has GPC.
PL, Alpha GPC’s chemical name is L-Alpha Glycerylphosphorylcholine. Or GPC for short. It’s the same thing.
I have been experimenting with Cognizin. I started with 500mg once a day, but lowered the dose to 250mg as the studies seem to show the same results regardless of dose. Is Cognizin worth the premium as they claim to be the purest form of CDP-Choline? Is there a “generic” CDP-Choline available and would the recommended dose be the same?
Is Alpha GPC a preferred method to deliver acetylcholine? If so, would you recommend 50% or 99%? Would the addition of ALCAR help?
Thank you in advance as I’m just starting to learn about Nootropics.
John, both choline supplements are precursors to and increase acetylcholine. But in different parts of the acetylcholine synthesis cycle. Some prefer one over the other and the only way to find out which works best is to try each one at a time.
ALCAR is a cofactor in the synthesis of acetylcholine and supports this process. Along with some of the B-Vitamins.
Using the patented version of a supplement usually ensures you are getting the amount of the ingredient stated on the front label.
Most Alpha GPC supplements are 50% because pure Alpha GPC is very unstable and tends to liquefy in the capsule under storage.
Hi David,
Is Alpha GPC supposed to be taken every day? Or is it taken as needed?
Rifat, it depends on how much extra acetylcholine your brain needs. I find myself dosing Alpha GPC 3 or 4 times per day. And another capsule if for some reason I experience a headache which is rare.
Certainly daily dosage is common. But you’ll need to figure out how many times during the day you need it.
Hi David,
Do you think the Alpha GPC from nootropics depot is good? From which company do you recommend me buying it?
Thank you
Rifat, it’s likely OK. I prefer getting my Alpha GPC from a company who will back up the contents of their capsules. Like HR Supplements who will provide a Certificate of Analysis just by scanning the QR Code the bottle label. You can get that here: https://www.hrsupplements.com/alpha-gpc-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine-capsules-300mg-60-count/?afmc=NOOTROPICS
I have the doublewood brand. so if i take 600mg..I am only getting 240mg because it is 40% choline by weight?
James, you are correct but it’s not how Alpha GPC is measured. Because that capsule is likely only 50% Alpha GPC and the rest filler. Pure Alpha GPC tends to liquefy.
“How much” choline is kinda’ a red herring because we’re looking for results when using supplements to boost acetylcholine. The exact amount of choline a supplement provides is secondary and not particularly relevant.
Oh ok thank you. I was worried that the choline amount was too low.
Thank you for the information
But, I would like to tell you that I have headache from using Alpha GPC 400 mg alone.
To be honest, I did not use Piracetam until today.
I saw many mentioning that you have to use 2.4g of Piracetam and above than you mentioned, Sir.
Should I decrease the dose of alpha from 400 mg to 200 mg or should increase my Piracetam intake.
Thank you in advance.
Taha, you can try increasing your Piracetam dose first. If that doesn’t work the try decreasing your Alpha GPC dose.
The key to making nootropics work for you is trial and error. This more of an ‘art’ once you understand the ‘science’. Experiment (carefully) until you feel better.
Hi David.
I want to stack Alpha-GPC, Pramiracetam and i use Coconut oil. I want to know if i could stack these nootropics with 50mg Serdep(Sertraline)
Does sertraline effect acetylcholine? Can acetylcholine cause serotonin syndrome?
Thanks
Anthony, excess serotonin causes Serotonin Syndrome.
As far as I can tell from the documentation sertraline does not affect acetylcholine or its receptors.
And Pramiracetam has been shown in the lab to not directly influence GABA, dopamine, norepinephrine, or serotonin in the brain.
But I cannot advise you one way or the other because I’m not qualified to offer advice on prescription medication. Looks to me like it would not be a problem but please do your research and verify its safety. And of course I need to advise you to “check with your doctor” too.
Thanks David
Sounds good and i will try it. I will start low and see.
I know my doctor will tell me to not use nootropics cause he does not understand them but i don’t like anti-depressants and told him i want to get off Serdep but he keeps telling me i need them for my anxiety and mood.
Also, i am struggling to get off Serdep and will try again next year and then just use nootropics cause i don’t think my problem is serotonin.
Please share the Alpha GPC supplement brand you are using. I am getting side effects with the one I use. Double Wood Supplements Alpha GPC.
Ash, I’ve used Double Wood for a couple of years because they’re are one of the only manufacturers making and selling individual nootropics like Alpha GPC with minimal “other ingredients”. In this case their only other ingredient is Silicon Dioxide. Which I hate but when I can’t find one with zero ‘other ingredients’ I use that one.
What kind of side effects are you experiencing? Because in this case it’s likely that you have enough acetylcholine and you don’t need to be using Alpha GPC.
David, I notice that 600mg is specified as a single dosage by the Alpha GPC product I’ve purchased. I tried 1/2 dose (300mg) with no discernible benefit. I did notice some possible increase in brain fog later in the day which could have been accounted for by food sensitivities. I’m considering trying the 600mg “dose” specified by the label, but am wondering if there are any likely risks of too much choline other than some ephemeral brain fog. I’d like to find the dose that confers some benefit for me and increasing the doses seems the reasonable approach.
Mark, too much acetylcholine will cause side effects. But they’re not lasting nor dangerous at the dosages we’re talking about. So I suggest trying 600 mg and see what happens. If it backfires or you don’t get any benefit then clearly Alpha GPC is not for you.
If you absolutely must increase acetylcholine you can try CDP-Choline or Acetyl L-Carnitine (ALCAR).
Why if one has eggs and dairy everyday would hey need Alpha GPC?
It appears everyone uses this like a coffee replacement, so how could this help on Dopamine release or Sleep?
I do believe I heard coffee releases Dopamine – but I think many are confused where we understand Dopamine = Pleasure, not anxiety or jittery.
Robert, Alpha GPC stimulates dopamine release: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3709792?dopt=Abstract. As does caffeine: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22019894.
Excess dopamine turns into norepinephrine (NE) and too much NE can cause anxiety or jitteriness.
Doctor David Tormen, what is your professional advise on the new smart drug called Alpha Brain? Kindly write a review on it.
George, first I’m not a doctor. Don’t even play one on TV! But I will be doing a full review on Alpha Brain in the next couple of months.
Thanks alot David. i will be waiting for your review on Alpha Brain.
From the list of its ingredients, i see it contains alot of compounds such as Bacoopa moneri, lions claw, Huperzeine, Alpha GPC and others. some people who have used daily reported headaches, lucid dreams and high blood pressure
George, I’ll get to an Alpha Brain review as soon as I can. A couple of things I don’t like is their use of “Proprietary Blends” because I don’t know how much of each nootropic ingredient I’m getting. And it’s narrow focus of benefits. I truly believe that Mind Lab Pro is a better choice.
Mind Lab Pro helps and optimizes the entire brain. Not just focus and memory. You know exactly how much of each ingredient your getting. And it’s less expensive than Alpha Brain.
Would taking CDP-Choline together with Alpha GPC on the same day be a good idea? Like 250mg CDP choline at the same time as 400mg Alpha GPC, or better to split them by taking one in the morning and the other in the afternoon , or is it even better to alternate by taking one of them one day and the other the next day (and keep alternating like that)
Jeff, it depends … I use both and my brain loves it. I suggest trying them together then separated by a few hours and see if you notice any difference.
Sorry for so many questions!! I think what I’m reading is… I can take Alpha GPC and this will suffice for a choline supplement since it contains choline. Is this correct?
Maybe. There are several different sources of choline available. And some work better for some people than others. Please see this post: https://nootropicsexpert.com/advanced-guide-to-choline-in-nootropic-stacks/ and this post: https://nootropicsexpert.com/advanced-guide-to-acetylcholine-supplements-in-nootropic-stacks/
Hey David.
What brand do you take for both of yours Alpha GPC & CDP-Choline?
And if I will take 1 or the other, or both do I still need to take Phosphatidylcholine as a supplement and if so, which brand?
Marffa, I’m currently using Alpha GPC produced by Lyfetrition. And the CDP-Choline is the Cognizin in Mind Lab Pro.
It would be helpful to use both Phosphatidylcholine (PC) and Phosphatidylserine (PS) although I can’t recommend a particular brand at this point. Go with a reputable manufacturer and then check the user reviews.
All four of these nootropics work together if you investigate their mechanism of action. If your budget only allows so much then I would stay with Alpha GPC or CDP-Choline. Depending on which one works best for you. If you can add PC and PS as well you should notice a difference and how you feel and how your brain works.
Thank you for the answer, it was very detailed.
I am new to this stuff and I still wonder, they all say CHOLINE somewhere in the word. I can’t afford having all 4, so could I instead of taking either ALPHA GPC or CDP Choline with my DMAE just take Phosphatidylcholine (since, as I understand, it is also a source of Choline) and stack it with Phosphatidylserine since they go together well?
Thanks.
Marffa, I realize this can be confusing so stay with me here …
Your body naturally synthesizes choline (from your diet) into CDP-Choline (Citicoline). It’s then converted to phosphatidylcholine (PC) which assists cell membranes, and helps create acetylcholine.
Alpha GPC naturally occurs in your brain as a byproduct of phosphatidylcholine (PC). When your brain needs more choline, and the choline floating around in your brain is running low, it breaks down phosphatidylcholine from cell membranes. And turns it into Alpha GPC.
Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is in the outer layer of brain cell membranes, and Phosphatidylserine (PS) is part of the inner layer.
This is very simplified version of how this works. Each of these provides various benefits to your body and brain. And all are needed for you to survive.
The problem arises when one or more of these functions does not work as designed. And it’s different in each one of us.
You may only need to support one out of four. Or maybe more. The only way to figure this out is to try each one and see how you feel. If you don’t feel any better in any way then that means your body has already taken care of it. And you don’t need to supplement with that particular nootropic. All four are required but you may not need to use all four. Testing, testing, testing is the key to success with nootropics.
Hi David, how are ya. Thank you so much for all the invaluable information you provide on nootropics; it is profusely appreciated. I have been consistently taking ALPHA GPC for 3 months now. The recommended dosage on the bottle is 2 capsules a day with food (not to exceed 8 capsules daily) however, I have been taking 12 capsules daily (300mg per capsule) for 3 months and the results have been extraordinary. My memory has definitely improved but the truly marked difference has been in my muscular development and strength. It has been remarkable. People have asked me if I am on steroids.
I take a lot of supplements, about 95 a day. And when I take the Alpha GPC I take all 12 capsules at the same time along with maybe 30 other capsules from various supplements and vitamins.
I have 4 questions David. Is this a risk to my health?
Are there any side effects to taking this many Alpha GPC? Is it okay to take all 12 capsules at the same time along with other vitamins and supplements? And lastly, is it okay if I keep up this unusually high dosage for as long as I want to?
Again, the physical and strength results have been nothing short ofunbelievable. Thank you so much David, I truly appreciate your time. Looking forward to hearing from you.
Gratefully Yours,
Shane
Shane, Alpha GPC is considered non-toxic. So higher dosages for extended periods shouldn’t be a problem. It sounds like your body is desperate for choline and acetylcholine. So listen to your body. If you begin feeling fatigue, headaches, nervousness, or nausea then you’ll know to cut back.
I’m not sure what the half-life is for Alpha GPC. Most of us split our dosage into 3-times per day to maintain consistent levels of Alpha GPC in our body. But you want to avoid taking it too late in the day. Otherwise the boost in energy could interfere with sleep.
Fat or water soluble,
Great Information Thanks Mr. David Tomen
John, choline supplements are usually ‘water-soluble’.
Confused about the ratio of Alpha-gpc vs Piracetam. In one of your other articles, you said that one should take 1:8 ratio or 1:4 ration of Piracetam and CDP-choline. Given that alpha-gpc is more bioavailable, and more concentrated, the dosage should be less than that of CDP-choline.
So, what dose of Alpha-GPC do you use with with a total of 4.8g piracetam per day. Would 600mg alpha-gpc suffice?
Sparsh, I realize it can be confusing because there is no solid ratio. It really depends on two things; how your body reacts, and the type of Alpha GPC you are using. Most Alpha GPC supplements are only 50% and the other half filler. Because Alpha GPC tends to liquefy when pure.
You will not do any damage by doubling your dose of Alpha GPC. The most that will happen is you’ll get sleepy from too much choline. Start with 600 mg and see how it works. Preferably split into two doses of 300 mg each time you dose Piracetam.
I’m looking to use a stack of noopept and alpha gpc. I am starting with 10mg of noopept and 400mg of alpha gpc 50% (meaning 200mg of a-gpc). Am I correct in thinking, since it is 50% a-gpc, that I am getting the correct ratio of 20:1?
David, it’s not an exact science. Try 10 mg of Noopept with 400 mg of the Alpha GPC you have and see how you feel. If you notice any fatigue then the dose of Alpha GPC is too high.
I started taking 400mg Alpha GPC and 1600mg Piracetam a few days ago. I am also taking Lion’s mane and B complex. I am 5’3″ 115 lbs. Almost every day I feel sick. Two days ago I was dealing with mild depression, and yesterday I felt like I was sick all day with a headache, low energy, bad mood, and achy joints. I am almost positive it is from the nootropics, as I feel great in the morning or later in the day when I believe . Do you think the dosage is too high for my body?
Mike, it sounds like your body is not responding well to either Alpha GPC or Piracetam or both. Try eliminating Alpha GPC with the rest of your stack and see how you feel. If that solves the problem then you may want to try CPD-Choline instead. If both choline supplements cause problems it means your body already has plenty of choline.
If eliminating Alpha GPC doesn’t change anything then I would try using your stack without Piracetam. But the description of your symptoms sounds like too much choline or acetylcholine.
I’ve found it takes a lot of trial and error with nootropics to see what my body and brain best respond to.
Well Mike… I am trying something similar and along with the coline and others, I am trying GOOD pro-biotics and the sickness and stomach problems have all but gone after just a few days. Worth a try??? Also as a point of note, with the new approach, I am completely changed and I am a completely new person. I was driven insane by the medication given to me by the GP and Psychiatrist and the very day I gave up the medication, the panic went and I refuse to take any medication prescribed since except Lyrica, which I believe is a wonder drug, for me anyway, and I am on a new approach of dealing with it naturally and I can honestly say that I am 90% cured from panic, anxiety, depression, headaches and mental disorders. So if you can, stick with it and if it’s giving you problems, tinker about with it to find the exact formula that works for you!! All the best, Trevor.
hello David, I m bipolar type II treated by lamictal and little dose of lithium. Since 6 months and a episode of hypomania under ssri I have many brain fog difficulty to focus and less speech ability (maybe attention deficit disorder without hyperactivity). I have seen that A-Gpc is effective for my sickness but I don t know the dosage for bipolar. I currently take 2x500mg per day since 20 days. The improvement is real but not enough unfortunately. I think about ritalin but I m little bit scared about the long term use and high anxiety. It s very controled substance in my country (france). I wanted to know your expert advise about the dosage of a-gpc for my condition and your opinion about ritalin and risk of mania under this kind of stimulant. Thank you
Laurent, the top limit on suggested dosage for Alpha GPC is 1,200 mg per day. Divided into 2 or 3 doses.
Ritalin in my opinion is a great solution for someone who is clinically Adult ADD. But its not for everybody. It is possible to control ADD symptoms with just nootropics which I did for one year using this nootropic stack: https://nootropicsexpert.com/best-nootropics-for-adhd-add/