Table of Contents
Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a phospholipid component of the membrane encasing every one of your brain cells.
PS helps maintain the fluidity and permeability of brain cells. Allowing for the efficient transfer of proteins, enzymes, nutrients, oxygen and glucose into and out of each cell.
Phosphatidylserine is involved in the formation and sending of signals within neurons. And the chemical signaling that takes place across neural synapses.
PS promotes healthy nerve growth factor (NGF), and supports the neurogenesis needed for long-term potentiation (LTP). Memory formation depends on healthy LTP.
Phosphatidylserine is involved in building mitochondria which are the energy centers of each brain cell.
Phosphatidylserine (PS) is arguably one of the most effective and important nootropics we have available today. PS keeps our brain cells healthy. And has a reputation for improving alertness, attention, cognition, memory, recall and mood.
Phosphatidylserine helps:
- Neuro-optimization: Phosphatidylserine (PS) keeps brain cells fluid and permeable. This neuroplasticity helps neurons form new connections needed for memory formation. PS is integral to cleaning up damaged neurons and maintaining an optimized brain.[i] And PS boosts mental energy by easing the flow of glucose and oxygen needed to power brain cells.
- Neurotransmitters: Phosphatidylserine is an integral part of the flow of crucial neurotransmitters like dopamine and acetylcholine. And phospholipids contain choline which is a precursor to acetylcholine (ACh). So PS will increase ACh levels in your brain. Affecting cognition, memory and mood. And reducing anxiety.
- Neurogenesis: Phosphatidylserine works in concert with the DHA in Omega-3’s and keeping brain cells optimized. Prolonging neuron survival and health. And the combination of Phosphatidylserine and DHA has been shown in several clinical studies to upregulate Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF).
Overview
Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a phospholipid component of brain cell membranes. The membrane is the outer casing surrounding each cell. PS plays a vital role in cell-to-cell signaling in the brain. And is needed to maintain the fluidity of all cell membranes.
Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is the most abundant phospholipid in the brain. Followed by a slightly lesser amount of Phosphatidylserine (PS).
Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is in the outer layer of brain cell membranes, and Phosphatidylserine (PS) is part of the inner layer. Both are critical to maintaining optimal cognitive health. PS is synthesized from PC in the brain by exchanging the base head group with a serine.
Phosphatidylserine (PS) supports the formation and sending of neural signals within neurons. And across synaptic junctions that link one neuron with another. This cellular communication is how we form memories.
Phosphatidylserine (PS) also helps nerve growth factor (NGF) that ensures healthy neurogenesis. And PS even assists in building mitochondria which are the energy source in every one of your brain cells.
When your brain cell membranes are healthy, they are malleable, fluid and flexible. But by the time we reach our 20’s, phospholipids including Phosphatidylserine (PS) start declining. This casing starts to harden. And attention, concentration, memory, mood and learning begin to suffer.[ii]
The good news is you can prevent this cellular damage from happening. The amount and type of long-chain fatty acids in your diet affects the composition of these cell membranes.
The structure and function of your cells depend on the ideal balance of fats including cholesterol, oleic, palmitic and stearic fatty acids. And essential fatty acids like Omega 3. Without this proper balance, cell membrane function is compromised.
But our typical modern diet does not provide the ideal balance of fatty acids (phospholipids) to maintain brain cell health. It’s why we experience brain fog, memory loss, slow thinking and poor decision making.
You naturally get Phosphatidylserine (PS) from foods like cow brains, pig spleen and chicken hearts. So there must be some merit to the saying, “Eat brains and get smarter”!
Unfortunately, not many of us include organ meat as part of our daily meal plan. So the best way to maintain healthy levels of Phosphatidylserine (PS) in your brain is taking PS as a nootropic supplement.
Phosphatidylserine (PS) was originally made from bovine (cow) brains. But with the mad cow disease scare, PS supplements are now made from extracts of soy or sunflower lecithin.
How does Phosphatidylserine work in the Brain?
Phosphatidylserine (PS) boosts brain health and function in several ways. But two in particular stand out.
- Phosphatidylserine (PS) is needed for memory. PS stimulates the brain chemicals that boost neural signaling for quick, clear thinking. In fact, Phosphatidylserine is one of the most effective memory boosters known.
Phosphatidylserine (PS) has been shown that it can slow, halt and even reverse the progression of age-related cognitive decline. One study with 149 patients meeting the criteria for age-associated memory impairment were given 100 mg of Phosphatidylserine (PS) or a placebo for 12 weeks.
The patients who received Phosphatidylserine (PS) showed improved performance on tests related to learning and the memory tasks of daily life. The study concluded that Phosphatidylserine (PS) was a promising candidate for treating memory loss later in life.[iii]
- Phosphatidylserine (PS) helps repair neurons. Phosphatidylserine (PS) works in concert with DHA (Omega-3) to protect brain cells from damage. And boost neuronal survival.
You brain is made up largely of DHA fat. The kind of fat you get from supplementing with Omega-3’s. And a decrease in DHA content in the brain results in cognitive impairment. Studies show that Alzheimer’s Disease is associated with lower Omega-3 fatty acid intake.
Researchers in Canada looked at samples provided by the Memory and Aging Project. And found a significant difference in plasma fatty acid profiles of those with Alzheimer’s, mild cognitive impairment and those with perfectly healthy brains.
The team found that DHA and Phosphatidylserine (PS) in both disease categories was 12-14% lower than those of healthy brains. They concluded that Alzheimer’s Disease is associated with lower DHA and Phosphatidylserine (PS).[iv]
Trials and clinical studies like these provide plenty of motivation to supplement with Phosphatidylserine (PS) and DHA. It will help you ward off neurodegenerative disease. DHA and Phosphatidylserine (PS) for an optimized brain.
How things go bad
As we get older, our brain chemistry and energy metabolism changes. This can happen at any age once we enter our adult years.
↓ Brain cell membranes lose fluidity
↓ Neurotransmitter signaling declines
↓ Recall, reaction time and mood diminish
↓ Memory declines
All of these changes can happen at any age. And starts as early as our 20’s. Our cell membranes are influenced by the food we eat, what we drink, lifestyle habits, the air we breathe and more.
So Phosphatidylserine (PS) can help for age-related cognitive decline, as well as a student looking to do better in school.
Phosphatidylserine benefits
Phosphatidylserine (PS) makes up about 15% of the total phospholipid pool in your brain. Phosphatidylserine (PS) is located mainly in the internal layer of your brain cell membranes.
Phosphatidylserine (PS) is involved in governing membrane fluidity, and the regulation of all activity going on in that brain cell. Phosphatidylserine (PS) interacts with cellular proteins, modulates the activity of neuroreceptors, enzymes, ion channels, and signaling molecules.
Supplementing with Phosphatidylserine (PS) improves brain function that tends to decline with age. Healthy brain cell membranes support neuroplasticity so neurons can form the connections needed to convert new experiences into memories.
Phosphatidylserine (PS) helps lower cortisol and ACTH levels during intense exercise.[v] Phosphatidylserine (PS) is even effective in relieving stress. And putting you in a better mood during exams.[vi]
Many clinical trials with Phosphatidylserine (PS) have shown improvements in working- and long-term memory, recall, logic and even speech. Attention span increases while using Phosphatidylserine (PS). And motivation, socialization and initiative all increased when using Phosphatidylserine (PS) as a nootropic.
How does Phosphatidylserine feel?
Neurohackers report that using Phosphatidylserine (PS) as a nootropic:
- Boosts energy levels
- Improves alertness
- Less brain fog
- Better memory
- Logical thinking improves
- Concentration is better
- Clarity of thought
- Weight loss
- Easier to remember names, phone numbers, tasks, etc.
- Mood improves
- Anti-anxiety
- Lowers cortisol
- Relieves insomnia
- Vivid dreams
There are reports that Phosphatidylserine (PS) helps with Tourette’s Syndrome.
Phosphatidylserine (PS) a great compliment to ADHD meds. PS helps tame the symptoms of ADHD. And doesn’t interfere with popular stimulants like Ritalin and Adderall. You may even be able to cut back on the ADHD meds once Phosphatidylserine (PS) builds up in your system.
Phosphatidylserine Clinical Research
Phosphatidylserine Reduces Beta Brain Waves
Beta brain waves have the most rapid pattern of all the brain waves produced in your brain. Beta waves are associated with concentration, arousal, alertness and cognition.
But it would be unpleasant to be in a constant state of arousal. This study in Germany gave 16 healthy subjects Phosphatidylserine (PS) for 42 days. The team tested brain wave patterns before supplementation. And again in 42 days.
The main finding in this study was that chronic Phosphatidylserine supplementation significantly decreases Beta brain waves. And the results showed that the Phosphatidylserine (PS) group were connected to a more relaxed state compared to the controls.[vii]
Phosphatidylserine Reduces Stress
Studies have shown that Phosphatidylserine (PS) blunts the release of cortisol in response to exercise stress. And Phosphatidylserine (PS) improves mood. In this study, researchers at the University of Wales Swansea gave young adults 300 mg of Phosphatidylserine (PS) each day for a month.
The study resulted in these young adults feeling less stressed after doing a stressful arithmetic task. And they were in a better mood. The researchers concluded that Phosphatidylserine (PS) supplementation improves mood and reduces stress even in healthy, young people.[viii]
Phosphatidylserine Improves Cognition in Athletes
Phosphatidylserine (PS) is found in the cell membranes of most animals and plants. Phosphatidylserine (PS) has been shown to reduce stress and increase performance in runners, cyclists and golfers.
This double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to study the effects of Phosphatidylserine (PS) on cognitive function, mood and endocrine response before and after intense exercise.
18 lower body, resistance-trained male college athletes took Phosphatidylserine (PS) for 14 days, or a placebo. Following 14 days of supplementation, participants performed an acute bout of lower body resistance training.
Mood and cognitive function were measured before, 5 minutes after and 60 minutes after exercise. And blood samples were drawn prior to, 5, 15, 25, 40 and 60 minutes after exercise. Blood was tested for cortisol and testosterone.
The researchers found that Phosphatidylserine (PS) significantly increased cognitive function prior to exercise. And Phosphatidylserine (PS) prevented both mood and hormones from being negatively affected prior to and following resistance exercise.[ix]
Phosphatidylserine Reduces Symptoms of ADHD
Researchers in Japan conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial with 36 children aged 4 – 14 years. The kids were diagnosed with ADHD but had not received any conventional ADHD treatment prior to the trial.
The children received 200 mg of Phosphatidylserine (PS) or a placebo daily for 2 months. The team recorded the children’s ADHD symptoms, short-term and working memory, and mental performance.
The team found that Phosphatidylserine (PS) significantly improved ADHD symptoms and short-term memory. ADHD symptoms that were reduced included inattention, short-term memory problems, and impulsivity. The placebo group saw no improvement during the trial.[x]
Another study with 200 ADHD children looked at the effects of Phosphatidylserine (PS) combined with Omega 3’s for 30-weeks. The key finding of this trial was a significant reduction in the restlessness/impulsive scale and an improvement in emotions.
The researchers concluded that Phosphatidylserine (PS) with Omega 3 may reduce ADHD symptoms in children with ADHD. And it was especially effective in a subgroup of hyperactive-impulsive, emotionally and behaviorally-dysregulated ADHD children.[xi]
The bottom line is that if you have Adult ADD like I do, or you have children with ADHD or ADD, consider 200 mg of Phosphatidylserine (PS) for a couple of months before going with Adderall or Ritalin. And add in some Omega 3’s for good measure.
Or find a ready-made Nootropic stack like Mind Lab Pro™ that already has 100 mg of Phosphatidylserine (PS) in their formula. No side effects and you just might get rid of the ADHD symptoms that are plaguing you.
Phosphatidylserine Improves Memory
Several studies have shown that using Phosphatidylserine (PS) as a nootropic to boost memory works well both for age-related cognitive decline as well as more serious diseases like Alzheimer’s and dementia.
A double-blind, placebo controlled trial in Tel Aviv worked with 18 healthy elderly volunteers with age-related cognitive decline. The volunteers took 100 mg of Phosphatidylserine (PS) 3-times per day for 12 weeks. They were evaluated at the start of the trial, at 6 weeks of treatment and at the end of the trial.
All but two of the volunteers showed significant improvement in memory from using Phosphatidylserine (PS). Memory and cognition improved in the first 6 weeks of Phosphatidylserine (PS) use. And continued to get better until the end of the 12-week trial.[xii]
Another trial with 51 Alzheimer’s patients using 100 mg of Phosphatidylserine (PS) for 12 weeks showed that PS may be a promising candidate for the early stages of Alzheimer’s Disease.[xiii]
Phosphatidylserine Recommended Dosage
Recommended Phosphatidylserine (PS) dosage is 100 mg 3-times per day.
If you’re concerned about Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) like I am, make sure you find Phosphatidylserine (PS) that is non-GMO. Because most Phosphatidylserine (PS) is derived from the lecithin of soybeans.
And oddly enough a manufacturer may use both GMO and non-GMO. And not have it marked on the packaging.
I’m aware of at least one supplement maker who offers non-GMO Phosphatidylserine (PS) in their 120-count bottles. But their 60-count bottles are made with GMO soybean lecithin. Do your research.
Even better is find Phosphatidylserine (PS) that is made from non-GMO sunflower lecithin. Especially if you’re allergic or react to soy. Like used in my favorite pre-made nootropic stack: Mind Lab Pro®
Phosphatidylserine Side Effects
Phosphatidylserine (PS) is naturally produced in your body and is considered well tolerated and safe. Phosphatidylserine (PS) is non-toxic.
Some may experience insomnia or stomach upset at higher than recommended doses.
Medications for Alzheimer’s may interact with Phosphatidylserine (PS) because these drugs are often Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors. An AChE inhibitor will increase the amount of acetylcholine (ACh) in your brain. And since Phosphatidylserine (PS) increases ACh, you may end up with too much acetylcholine.
Type of Phosphatidylserine to Buy
Phosphatidylserine (PS) is sold in tablet or capsule form. Capsules can run from 100 to 300 mg each.
Plain Phosphatidylserine (PS) was originally sourced from cow brains. But since the mad cow disease scare, most Phosphatidylserine (PS) supplements are now made from soybean lecithin.
Enzymotec makes a unique form of Phosphatidylserine (PS) called Sharp PS® Green. It is made from vegetable sources that are not soy-based, and is non-GMO.
Several supplement makers offer this branded form of Phosphatidylserine (PS) which they license from Enzymotec.
Mind Lab Pro® includes 100 mg of Phosphatidylserine (PS) that is derived from non-GMO sunflower lecithin.
I recommend Mind Lab Pro because it addresses all aspects of anxiety resistance, memory and cognitive enhancement, stabilizes mood, brain repair, and maintenance.
This premium nootropic stack is designed to boost key neurotransmitters, cognitive energy, brain waves, neuroprotection, and regeneration. See my Mind Lab Pro review for a detailed report.
Another good option is Performance Lab® Mind which also contains Phosphatidylserine (PS) (using Sharp PS® Green).
CHEMI Nutra also makes a branded form of Phosphatidylserine (PS) made from soy lecithin called SerinAid®. A few supplement makers license this brand of Phosphatidylserine (PS) for use in their Phosphatidylserine (PS) products.
Nootropics Expert Recommendation
Phosphatidylserine (PS) 100 mg 3-times per day
I recommend using Phosphatidylserine (PS) as a nootropic supplement.
Phosphatidylserine (PS) is arguably one of the most effective and important nootropics we have available today. Phosphatidylserine (PS) keeps our brain cells healthy. And has a reputation for improving alertness, attention, cognition, memory, recall and mood.
Phosphatidylserine (PS) helps lower cortisol which can reduce stress, and help with insomnia. And provide you with a stress-free workout in the gym or on the court.
Phosphatidylserine (PS) clears brain fog, boosts energy levels, helps alertness, and provides clarity to your thought process.
You can get Phosphatidylserine (PS) from food. But the highest concentrations of Phosphatidylserine (PS) are found in organ meats like cow brains and pig spleen.
Phosphatidylserine (PS) levels decline as you age starting in your 20’s. And you are unlikely to get nearly enough through diet. So to get its benefits you should take it as a nootropic supplement.
I suggest starting with a dose of Phosphatidylserine (PS) at 100 mg 3-times per day. Dosing should not exceed 500 mg per day. And there is little benefit to overdoing it with Phosphatidylserine (PS).
You can buy individual Phosphatidylserine (PS) supplements. Or you could try my favorite pre-formulated nootropic stack Mind Lab Pro® which includes Phosphatidylserine (PS) from non-GMO, organic sunflower lecithin.
Mind Lab Pro contains a synergistic blend of 11 brain enhancing nootropics covering all aspects of cognition and brain health. See my full Mind Lab Pro review for more.
Another good option is the Mind formula by Performance Lab® which also contains Phosphatidylserine (using Sharp PS® Green). You can see my full review of Performance Lab® Mind here.
Join The Discussion - 219 comments
Mark
June 15, 2019
Thank you for your response David. I’ve just become aware of said response, as I didn’t receive any email notification.
Mark
June 5, 2019
I’m currently taking Smart PS phosphatidylserine at 100 mg/day. I can’t take this during the day as it causes brain fog and drowsiness. I struggle with motivation and this makes things significantly worse. I asked my wife to give a shot too – same thing as I. She said she couldn’t drive after taking this. I’m an RN and there’s no way I could take this while working.
Maybe I already have a relative excess Ach. As far as I can recall, PS works by decreasing cortisol through decreasing NE, which is the body’s main stress signal. So perhaps in my case decreasing NE isn’t a good idea.
I had a softgel with my breakfast and then I felt like a complete slouch all morning. I’m on vacation, so that is why I started taking it yesterday. So far, it’s been one of the worst supplement I’ve taken.
Clearly, it’s working well for many, but I’m not one of those. The question is why ? Maybe it’s taking low cortisol even lower, but I doubt it.
David Tomen
June 6, 2019
Could be two things going on here. First, PS boosts acetylcholine so if you already have enough ACh, excess will produce the symptoms you describe. Second, check out the study above on beta brain waves. PS “significantly” reduces beta brain waves which for you sounds like a bad idea.
I do have a post on motivation which may give you some ideas: https://nootropicsexpert.com/hacking-motivation-with-nootropics/
I also saw a study this morning just published on how inflammation decreases motivation. I suggest you Google that one and see what you find. Searching Nootropics Expert for supplements that decrease inflammation may be what you need.
Kayla
May 29, 2019
Hi David,
Do you think you would ever cover Nigella Sativa (Black Seed oil)? I’m curious to see you all write an article on it. Also, love the site!
David Tomen
May 30, 2019
Kayla, I’ve been seeing a lot on Black Seed Oil lately so will add it to my list. Thanks.
Austin Rumbaugh
February 13, 2019
I recently watched your YouTube video on Phosphatidylserine. This sounds like something that would really help me. What time of the day should I take it and should it be taken with or without food? Thank you so much for your investment into the lives of others!
David Tomen
February 14, 2019
Austin, see “Dosage notes” above. And it can be taken with or without food.
Haakon Martin Bjerke
January 8, 2019
Hello i just received PS from Swaonson. Its derived from soy. Do you think its a concern? Is all soy GMO??
David Tomen
January 9, 2019
Haakon, all soy is GMO these days unless clearly stated otherwise on the label from a trusted manufacturer.
I suggest you use the PS you now have as a month is not going to do much harm. But in the future get your PS sourced from non-GMO sunflower lecithin. Any supplement using Sharp PS is good.
ayeprell
January 24, 2020
I was wondering if
phosphatidylcholine Lowers cortisol or if its only PS that does that?
David Tomen
January 26, 2020
Phosphatidylcholine also affects cortisol: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1997116/
Gregory Anderson
December 27, 2018
Do these have to be taken 3 times a day or can it be taken all at once?
David Tomen
December 27, 2018
Gregory, to keep consistent levels in your system PS should be dosed 3-times per day. For example; morning, noon and late afternoon.
Gregory Anderson
December 27, 2018
Thanks a lot for the quick reply! I really appreciate the information all the information you have on your site. I have refereed countless people here. Keep up the good work!
Diogo Leitão
December 1, 2018
Hi David!
I have a question.
Now, im tanking L-theanine Sunthenaine 200 mg a day ( 1 pill in the morning), and im looking to improve even more my meditation to help me in giving my best in life! I really notice with (L-t S), but once I know about PS, I think the both complement each other. Im taking too B12 (5000 mcg)
My question is, do really the complement each other ? Can I take both ? If, yes in what quantity ? The b12 have an impact with the PS?
Thanks 🙂
David Tomen
December 1, 2018
Diogo, they do compliment each other and recommended dosages are detailed in the review for each nootropic here on Nootropic Expert. Scroll down this list to find the link to each review > https://nootropicsexpert.com/nootropics-list/
Here are some tips on helping your meditation practice > https://nootropicsexpert.com/best-nootropics-to-enhance-meditation-calm-your-mind/
Gabriella
October 7, 2018
Hi David,
Thanks for directing me to phosphatidylserine as a possible addition to my stack.
I have a few questions about this nootropic.
Firstly, you suggested either PS or a combo of PS and PC. I can’t find PC at my regular supplier or anywhere else without a bunch of other ingredients already added. But I can get my hands on PS. That’s made up of >50% PS, <18% PC, <10% phosphatidyletholamine and <5% phosphatidylinositol.
Does that sound like a good product to buy?
Also, I see PS increases Ach. Would that mean I'd need to take less of or stop taking a choline source?
I ask this because one of the proposed reasons for mania and depression is due to Bipolar folks having excess acetylcholine receptors and therefore are sensitive to Ach.
I'm still trying to figure things out when it comes to my choline needs. I've tried a premade stack with racetams and did experience the most awful, debilitating headaches. They seemed to improve when I started dosing with Alpha GPC. But never went away completely. But that could be because I didn't dose with enough Alpha GPC.
But I have no idea how to test whether I'm sensitive to Ach.
Also, I've found information that proposes a BCAA drink can lower symptoms of mania. So I got the BCAA formula from Performance Lab to test this theory on myself.
This is made from fermented sunflower lecithin. And I see that phosphatidylserine is made from sunflower lecithin too. So does it stand to reason that the BCAA will have the same effect as just the phosphatidylserine?
Thanks for your input. 🙂
David Tomen
October 7, 2018
Gabriella, funny you should mention BCAA because I’m just now doing a review. Both come from sunflower lecithin but are different compounds.
The first supplement you mention sounds like it may be a good option. Acetylcholine is something you need to be aware of especially with your issues. But just watch for the signs of too much ACh. Like unusual sleepiness or fatigue.
Only you can determine if the combo of PS + PC + Alpha GPC is to much for your brain. Learn to watch for the signs of too much ACh.
Many make the same mistake with the racetams and don’t realize they must be stacked with a choline supplement like Alpha GPC or CDP-Choline. Otherwise, you’ll get a ‘racetam-headache’.
Gabriella
October 7, 2018
Thanks David, for your detailed input.
I looked everywhere for a BCAA supplement without the Tyrosine and other compounds added. Which the market is flooded with.
You’ve probably seen it already, but if not, here’s a link to that study.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12611783
David Tomen
October 7, 2018
Thanks for that study Gabriella. I had not come across is yet in my research. So much appreciated.
Here’s a BCAA supplement with nothing else added: https://www.performancelab.com/supplements/bcaa/
Gabriella
October 8, 2018
Hi David,
Thanks for the input. The BCAA formula from Performance Lab is by far the best on the market from my research.
This is what I have for myself to target the Bipolar symptoms and the ADD.
*NAC 600 mg 3 times per day.
*ALCAR 300 mg for a start but will go up if needed.
*Vitamin C 1600 + mg per day
*EPA 1800 mg
*DHA 1200 + mg
*Zinc 25 mg
*Copper 2.5 mg
*Magnesium L-Threonate 1 g split into 2 doses
*Phosphatidyserine 100 mg 3 times per day
*Performance Lab Multi for Women
*BCAA in case of mania and a quick “bring me down”.
As for a choline source, I’ll need to do some testing to see if I’m sensitive to choline before committing it to a stack.
So I have a few questions…
What do you think of my stack as it stand?
Is there anything you’d add?
Is there anything you’d take out?
Also, people everywhere are always punting how important a choline source is. I understand the health benefits and also the issues low choline can cause long term. But is it really always necessary to have a choline source?
If I do add a choline source, which one is better in your opinion? Alpha GPC or CDP Choline?
Thanks for any input you have. 🙂
David Tomen
October 8, 2018
Gariella, you have a great start with your nootropic stack. Pls. consider adding a choline source because you need acetylcholine for so many things including brain function. Some respond better to Alpha GPC and some to CDP-Choline. You may need to try both to see which one works best for you.
In my opinion, your EPA dosage is much too high.
Consider Lithium Orotate for Bipolar symptoms: https://nootropicsexpert.com/lithium-orotate/
For ADD please see this post > https://nootropicsexpert.com/best-nootropics-for-adhd-add/ for a better understanding on what you are dealing with. And what you can do to help alleviate symptoms. Esp. when it comes to dopamine and acetylcholine.